98 research outputs found
Implementing "mutually supportive" access and benefit sharing mechanisms under the Plant Treaty, Convention on Biological Diversity, and Nagoya Protocol
Informational linear capacity of fiber-optic backbones of the countries of the west coast of Africa
This article describes an assessment of the ways in which the international digital data backbone is serviced, which is determining the development of the economy. The focus of the article is on the west coast of Africa and direct interregional data delivery channels. The concept of informational linear capacity was introduced and substantiated
Does certified organic agriculture increase agroecosystem health? Evidence from four farming systems in Uganda
Over the past decades, the number of certified organic farms have increased significantly in Uganda. One assumption is that certified organic agriculture contributes to economic, social and ecological health of agroecosystems. In the literature, however, there is thin empirical evidence to support such claims. We therefore developed health indicators and contrasted data from four Ugandan farming systems with principles and objectives of organic agriculture. We identified four health patterns (ecology-driven, economically struggling, socially-driven, and hanging in) demonstrating the impact of farm management on agroecosystem health and trade-offs between health domains. Ecological farm health is strengthened only if the conversion goes beyond âorganic by defaultâ. Market-oriented specialization can create lock-in situations if production strategies cannot be changed easily. Food shortages occur when additional income from certified production does not compensate for the reduced area and effort devoted to food crops. We conclude that the positive effects of organic certification on agroecosystem health cannot be taken for granted. Interventions promoting organic agriculture should acknowledge risks smallholder farmers take by converting to cash crop-oriented certified organic farming. A challenging question will be how aspects of wellbeing and social health can be translated into certification standards and thus product attributes
Characteristics and outcomes of patients with multiple myeloma at the Uganda Cancer Institute
Purpose: Data on multiple myeloma (MM) in sub-Sahara Africa is scarce.
In Uganda, there is a progressively increasing incidence of MM over the
years. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on 217 patients with
MM at the UCI using purposive sampling method. The objectives of the
study were to determine the clinical characteristics, treatment
outcomes, 5 year overall survival and predictors of survival of
patients with MM at the UCI from 01 January 2008 to 31 December 2012.
Results: There were 119 (54.8%) males; the mean(SD) age of the study
population at presentation was 59(12.8) years; 183(84.3%) patients
presented with bone pain, and 135 (61.9%) had skeletal pathology;
186(85.3%) were HIV negative, and 152(70%) had Durie-Salmon stage III.
The median overall survival was 2.5 years, (95% CI, 0.393-0.595);
factors significantly associated with worse survival were Durie-Salmon
stage III disease, HR=5.9, 95% CI (1.61 \u2013 21.74; P=0.007) and LDH
>225 U/L HR=3.3, 95% CI (0.57 \u2013 5.92; P=0.029). Conclusion:
Most patients with multiple myeloma at the UCI were diagnosed at a
relatively young age, presented with late stage disease and bone pain,
and had a shorter survival time. Factors associated with worse survival
were Durie-Salmon stage III and LDH >225 U/L
Mise en Ĺuvre de façon 'synergique' des mĂŠcanismes d'accès et de partage des avantages dans le cadre du TraitĂŠ sur les ressources phytogĂŠnĂŠtiques, de la Convention sur la diversitĂŠ biologique et du Protocole de Nagoya
Le TraitĂŠ international sur les ressources phytogĂŠnĂŠtiques pour l'alimentation et l'agriculture (TIRPAA) et la Convention sur la diversitĂŠ biologique (CDB) engagent leurs Etats-membres Ă mettre en Ĺuvre des systèmes d'accès et de partage des avantages très diffĂŠrents : dâun cĂ´tĂŠ, le système ĂŠtabli en vertu du TIRPAA vise Ă renforcer la mise en commun et le partage au niveau international de la diversitĂŠ gĂŠnĂŠtique ; de lâautre cĂ´tĂŠ, le système de la CDB a pour objectif de maximiser le contrĂ´le souverain de chaque pays sur ses ressources gĂŠnĂŠtiques. La mise en Ĺuvre nationale de ces deux systèmes s'est rĂŠvĂŠlĂŠe relativement lente. Ce retard est notamment dĂť au fait que dans de nombreux pays les dĂŠcideurs nationaux ne savent pas vraiment comment gĂŠrer l'interface entre ces deux systèmes d'accès et de partage des avantages. Sur la base des recherches et des expĂŠriences en matière dâĂŠlaboration des politiques conduites dans plusieurs pays, les auteurs identifient en premier lieu les questions que les dĂŠcideurs politiques nationaux doivent aborder et les ĂŠtapes quâils doivent suivre pour la mise en Ĺuvre du Système multilatĂŠral d'accès et de partage des avantages du TIRPAA. En second lieu, les auteurs analysent les points d'intersection, au niveau national, entre le Système multilatĂŠral d'accès et de partage des avantages du TIRPAA et les mĂŠcanismes mis en place (ou qui sont actuellement ĂŠlaborĂŠs) en application de la CDB et de son Protocole de Nagoya, rĂŠcemment adoptĂŠ. En troisième lieu, les auteurs analysent les facteurs qui contribuent dans de nombreux pays Ă un manque de coordination entre les institutions publiques nationales chargĂŠes de lâenvironnement et celles chargĂŠes de lâagriculture qui ont pour mandat de diriger la mise en Ĺuvre nationale de ces accords internationaux
The use of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris ) traditional varieties and their mixtures with commercial varieties to manage bean fly (Ophiomyia spp .) infestations in Uganda
The bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) is considered the most economically damaging field insect pest of common beans in Uganda. Despite the use of existing pest management approaches, reported damage has remained high. Forty-eight traditional and improved common bean varieties currently grown in farmersâ fields were evaluated for resistance against bean fly. Data on bean fly incidence, severity and root damage from bean stem maggot were collected. Generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) revealed significant resistance to bean fly in the Ugandan traditional varieties. A popular resistant traditional variety and a popular susceptible commercial variety were selected from the 48 varieties and evaluated in pure and mixed stands. The incidence of bean fly infestation on both varieties in mixtures with different arrangements (systematic random versus rows), and different proportions within each of the two arrangements, was measured and analysed using GLMMs. The proportion of resistant varieties in a
mixture and the arrangement type significantly decreased bean fly damage compared to pure stands, with the highest decrease in damage registered in the systematic random mixture with at least 50 % of resistant variety. The highest reduction in root damage, obvious 21 days after planting, was found in systematic random mixtures with at least 50 % of the resistant variety. Small holder farmers in East Africa and elsewhere in the world have local preferences for growing bean varieties in genetic mixtures. These mixtures can be enhanced by the use of resistant varieties in the mixtures to reduce bean fly damage on susceptible popular varieties
Perceptions on the right to adequate food after a major landslide disaster: a cross-sectional survey of two districts in Uganda
Identifying risk factors for Plasmodium infection and anaemia in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
The use of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) traditional varieties and their mixtures with commercial varieties to manage bean fly (Ophiomyia spp.) infestations in Uganda
Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd
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