Administrative aspects of accounting organization. Russian experience and problems

The present article covers topical issues of administrative approach application to accounting organization, as well as powers of the chief accountant implementation in the system of economic entity resources management. The authors consider theoretical and practical aspects of accounting office personnel labor rating at the level of economic entity's internal standards with regard of the Russian Federation legislation requirements. Planning, identification and distribution of workload between employees should be determined by labor rating of the accounting office personnel. Standard norms are usually developed for works carried out by the standard technology considering the rational organizational and technical conditions already existing in the majority of economic entities (employers) fulfilling such kinds of work. The indicated norms are recommended as a reference for employers, where organizational and technical conditions of production have not yet reached the level fitting these indicated norms

Improved osteogenic vector for non-viral gene therapy

Therapeutic compensation of deficient bone regeneration is a challenging task and a topic of on-going search for novel treatment strategies. One promising approach for improvement involves non-viral gene delivery using the bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene to provide transient, local and sustained expression of the growth factor. However, since efficiency of non-viral gene delivery is low, this study focused on the improvement of a BMP-2 gene expression system, aiming for compensation of poor transfection efficiency. First, the native BMP-2 gene sequence was modified by codon optimisation and altered by inserting a highly truncated artificial intron (96 bp). Transfection of multiple cell lines and rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells with plasmids harbouring the improved BMP-2 sequence led to a several fold increased expression rate and subsequent osteogenic differentiation. Additionally, comparing expression kinetics of elongation factor 1 alpha (EF1α) promoter with a state of the art CMV promoter revealed significantly higher BMP-2 expression when under the influence of the EF1α promoter. Results obtained by quantification of bone markers as well as osteogenic assays showed reduced sensitivity to promoter silencing effects of the EF1α promoter in rat adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Finally, screening of several protein secretion signals using either luciferase or BMP-2 as reporter protein revealed no superior candidates for potential replacement of the native BMP-2 secretion signal. Taken together, by enhancing the exogenous BMP-2 expression system, low transfection efficiencies in therapeutic applications can be compensated, making safe non-viral systems even more suitable for tissue regeneration approaches

The Updated Zwicky Catalog (UZC)

The Zwicky Catalog of galaxies (ZC), with m_Zw<=15.5mag, has been the basis for the Center for Astrophysics (CfA) redshift surveys. To date, analyses of the ZC and redshift surveys based on it have relied on heterogeneous sets of galaxy coordinates and redshifts. Here we correct some of the inadequacies of previous catalogs by providing: (1) coordinates with <~2 arcsec errors for all of the Nuzc catalog galaxies, (2) homogeneously estimated redshifts for the majority (98%) of the data taken at the CfA (14,632 spectra), and (3) an estimate of the remaining "blunder" rate for both the CfA redshifts and for those compiled from the literature. For the reanalyzed CfA data we include a calibrated, uniformly determined error and an indication of the presence of emission lines in each spectrum. We provide redshifts for 7,257 galaxies in the CfA2 redshift survey not previously published; for another 5,625 CfA redshifts we list the remeasured or uniformly re-reduced value. Among our new measurements, Nmul are members of UZC "multiplets" associated with the original Zwicky catalog position in the coordinate range where the catalog is 98% complete. These multiplets provide new candidates for examination of tidal interactions among galaxies. All of the new redshifts correspond to UZC galaxies with properties recorded in the CfA redshift compilation known as ZCAT. About 1,000 of our new measurements were motivated either by inadequate signal-to-noise in the original spectrum or by an ambiguous identification of the galaxy associated with a ZCAT redshift. The redshift catalog we include here is ~96% complete to m_Zw<=15.5, and ~98% complete (12,925 galaxies out of a total of 13,150) for the RA(1950) ranges [20h--4h] and [8h--17h] and DEC(1950) range [-2.5d--50d]. (abridged)Comment: 34 pp, 7 figs, PASP 1999, 111, 43

Star Formation History at the Centers of Lenticular Galaxies with Bars and Purely Exponential Outer Disks from SAURON Data

We have investigated the stellar population properties in the central regions of a sample of lenticular galaxies with bars and single-exponential outer stellar disks using the data from the SAURON integral-field spectrograph retrieved from the open Isaac Newton Group Archive. We have detected chemically decoupled compact stellar nuclei with a metallicity twice that of the stellar population in the bulges in seven of the eight galaxies. A starburst is currently going on at the center of the eighth galaxy and we have failed to determine the stellar population properties from its spectrum. The mean stellar ages in the chemically decoupled nuclei found range from 1 to 11 Gyr. The scenarios for the origin of both decoupled nuclei and lenticular galaxies as a whole are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, a slightly edited version of the paper published by Astronomy Letters, v. 37, no.1, 201

A Multimodal Approach to Analgesia in Anorectal Surgery

Аim: Evaluation of methods for pain prevention and pain reduction after anorectal surgery at all stages of treatment based on publications found in available databases.Key points. Most anorectal diseases are benign and do not affect life expectancy, meanwhile about 40 % of the population suffer from it. Mainly anorectal disorders affect middle-aged people reducing their life quality. At the same time many articles aimed at studying only postoperative anesthesia. 2 researchers independently searched for articles published in Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, E-library databases using keywords. A total of 54 publications were included. A multimodal approach should include the pain prevention during pre-, intra- and postoperative periods. Acetaminophen is recommended for pain reduction according to the dosing protocols. Acetaminophen combined with other systemic analgesics is advisable for patients with severe pain. The opioids use is justified only for moderate-severe postoperative pain. Metronidazole and lidocaine with nitroglycerin ointment/ nifedipine/сorticosteroids effectiveness has been proven for local postoperative anesthesia. Prophylactic use of antibiotics and bowel preparation do not reduce postoperative pain. Stool softeners are recommended for reducing postoperative pain severity. Additional local anesthesia such as nerve blockade or infiltration anesthesia is recommended for all patients. Modern minimally invasive treatment methods of hemorrhoid are associated with less severe postoperative pain.Conclusion. The recommended scheme of multimodal anesthesia for patients after anorectal surgery is shown on Fig.1. Further studies are needed to evaluate preoperative anesthesia effectiveness, the feasibility of the perioperative flavonoids use, as well as comparisons of various minimally invasive treatment methods of anorectal diseases

Mediastinal Emphysema as a Specific Complication of COVID-19 (Case Report)

During the care of patients with novel coronavirus infection at the Lomonosov MSU Medical Research and Education Center from April 21 to June 13, 2020, we observed cases of spontaneous mediastinal emphysema (spontaneous pneumomediastinum) as a manifestation or a probable complication of COVID-19.The aim of the paper. To provide clinical case descriptions and approaches to the management of patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 associated pneumonia, as they are not addressed in the current clinical guidelines, and therefore are worthy of special attention.Among 224 patients with laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19, five cases of pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax were identified. Of these, in two cases the pneumomediastinum developed during noninvasive lung ventilation (NLV) (one case) and invasive lung ventilation (one case). In three cases, spontaneous mediastinal emphysema was not associated with lung ventilation. By the time of publication, one case of pneumomediastinum was completed, and four patients remained hospitalized. All five patients were males aged from 52 to 84 years.This paper presents in depth the description of two cases of mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema in patients with COVID-19

К МЕХАНИЗМАМ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ АДАПТОГЕННЫХ СВОЙСТВ ГИПЕРБАРИЧЕСКОЙ ОКСИГЕНАЦИИ

The impact of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the antioxidative system (AOS) was studied in patients with isolated and combined brain injury, in those with female internal genital inflammatory diseases. HBO temporarily enhances endotoxicosis with its subsequent rapid decrease rate. The stimulation of LPO processes is directly related to the degree of underlying disorders caused by an injury or disease. The HBO therapy regimen should be individualized depending on the response of AOS.Изучено влияние гипербарической оксигенации (ГБО) на состояние перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) и анти-оксидантной системы (АОС) у больных с изолированной и сочетанной черепно-мозговой травмой, воспалительных заболеваниях внутренних половых органов у женщин. ГБО временно усиливает эндотоксикоз с последующим быстрым темпом его снижения. Стимуляция процессов ПОЛ находиться в прямой зависимости от степени исходных нарушений, обусловленных травмой или заболеванием. В зависимости от реакции АОС необходима индивидуализация схемы ГБО-терапии

Substrate Specifity Profiling of the Aspergillus fumigatus Proteolytic Secretome Reveals Consensus Motifs with Predominance of Ile/Leu and Phe/Tyr

The filamentous fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) can cause devastating infections in immunocompromised individuals. Early diagnosis improves patient outcomes but remains challenging because of the limitations of current methods. To augment the clinician's toolkit for rapid diagnosis of AF infections, we are investigating AF secreted proteases as novel diagnostic targets. The AF genome encodes up to 100 secreted proteases, but fewer than 15 of these enzymes have been characterized thus far. Given the large number of proteases in the genome, studies focused on individual enzymes may overlook potential diagnostic biomarkers.As an alternative, we employed a combinatorial library of internally quenched fluorogenic probes (IQFPs) to profile the global proteolytic secretome of an AF clinical isolate in vitro. Comparative protease activity profiling revealed 212 substrate sequences that were cleaved by AF secreted proteases but not by normal human serum. A central finding was that isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine predominated at each of the three variable positions of the library (44.1%, 59.1%, and 57.0%, respectively) among substrate sequences cleaved by AF secreted proteases. In contrast, fewer than 10% of the residues at each position of cleaved sequences were cationic or anionic. Consensus substrate motifs were cleaved by thermostable serine proteases that retained activity up to 50°C. Precise proteolytic cleavage sites were reliably determined by a simple, rapid mass spectrometry-based method, revealing predominantly non-prime side specificity. A comparison of the secreted protease activities of three AF clinical isolates revealed consistent protease substrate specificity fingerprints. However, secreted proteases of A. flavus, A. nidulans, and A. terreus strains exhibited striking differences in their proteolytic signatures.This report provides proof-of-principle for the use of protease substrate specificity profiling to define the proteolytic secretome of Aspergillus fumigatus. Expansion of this technique to protease secretion during infection could lead to development of novel approaches to fungal diagnosis