Built heritage in transition: a critique on Hong Kong’s conservation Movement and the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance

published_or_final_versio

The Impact of Community Based Adventure Therapy on Stress and Coping Skills in Adults.

Stress and coping skills are among the most essential components of the mental health counseling field. The use of coping skills (e.g., meditation, physical activities, appropriate uses of leisure) has been identified as an effective strategy for stress management. Adventure therapy has emerged as a modality that can positively augment other therapeutic approaches by improving coping skills and assisting clients in managing stress. As with all therapies, a positive working alliance has been found to be important toward achieving clinical outcomes. This study explored how adventure therapy enhanced learned coping strategies for stress and improved therapeutic alliance. Outcomes from this exploratory research highlighted the potential of adventure therapy to decrease stress, increase coping skills, and build therapeutic rapport with the therapist

Primordial magnetic field and non-Gaussianity of the 1-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data

Alfven turbulence caused by statistically isotropic and homogeneous primordial magnetic field induces correlations in the cosmic microwave background anisotropies. The correlations are specifically between spherical harmonic modes a_{l-1,m} and a_{l+1,m}. In this paper we approach this issue from phase analysis of the CMB maps derived from the WMAP data sets. Using circular statistics and return phase mapping we examine phase correlation of \Delta l=2 for the primordial non-Gaussianity caused by the Alfven turbulence at the epoch of recombination. Our analyses show that such specific features from the power-law Alfven turbulence do not contribute significantly in the phases of the maps and could not be a source of primordial non-Gaussianity of the CMB.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepted with minor changes and the explanation on the whitened derived CMB map

Rashba-Enhanced Plasmon in a Two-Dimensional Lateral Superlattice

The self-consistent density response of an electron system is studied in a two-dimensional ͑2D͒ lateral superlattice ͑SL͒ with spin-orbit interaction ͑SOI͒. Under the effect of the lateral periodic potential, the single-electron 2D states are broadened into minibands that are spin split by SOI. In the case of a single fully occupied miniband, we calculate the long-wavelength limit of the polarization function for intraband transi-tions, within the random-phase approximation at T=0 K, and identify the plasmonic dispersion relation in the effective-mass approximation. The interplay between band effects and SOI coupling, considered here to be linear in the electron momentum ͑Rashba͒, is shown to generate a highly anisotropic collective excitation spectrum. If the plasmon propagating perpendicular on the superlattice axis has the characteristic frequency of the quasi-one-dimensional system weakly modified by the SOI split, the one propagating along the SL axis is enhanced by the SOI that couples, through its dependence on the periodic momentum of a Bloch electron, density fluctuations in different layers of the superlattice. The excitation frequency of this mode is found to depend on the miniband width and the amplitude of the SOI coupling constant

Testing Gaussian random hypothesis with the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies in the three-year WMAP data

We test the hypothesis that the temperature of the cosmic microwave background is consistent with a Gaussian random field defined on the celestial sphere, using de-biased internal linear combination (DILC) map produced from the 3-year WMAP data. We test the phases for spherical harmonic modes with l <= 10 (which should be the cleanest) for their uniformity, randomness, and correlation with those of the foreground templates. The phases themselves are consistent with a uniform distribution, but not for l <= 5, and the differences between phases are not consistent with uniformity. For l=3 and l=6, the phases of the CMB maps cross-correlate with the foregrounds, suggestion the presence of residual contamination in the DLC map even on these large scales. We also use a one-dimensional Fourier representation to assemble a_lm into the \Delta T_l(\phi) for each l mode, and test the positions of the resulting maxima and minima for consistency with uniformity randomness on the unit circle. The results show significant departures at the 0.5% level, with the one-dimensional peaks being concentrated around \phi=180 degs. This strongly significant alignment with the Galactic meridian, together with the cross-correlation of DILC phases with the foreground maps, strongly suggests that even the lowest spherical harmonic modes in the map are significantly contaminated with foreground radiation.Comment: submitted to ApJL, one paragraph is added in Section 3 and some more in the Referenc

Process Studies and Modeling of Self-Cleaning Capacity of Mountain Creeks for Recreation Planning and Management

Reaeration process studies were conducted on a mountain creek and a large laboratory flume. The method of evaluating the dispersion coefficient, mean velocity, and reaeration coefficient for both creek and flume consisted of finding these values for a deoxygenated portion of the flow containing a conservative tracer (dye). The deoxygenated slug is measured as it moved downstream and the three values are best fit in the analytical solution of the longitudinal dispersion equation which dynamically describes the flow of the dispersing slug in the stream. The best fit was accomplished by using the method of least squares of the differences between the dissolved oxygen and dye concentration calculated from the dispersion equation and those obtained from the actual measurements is minimized. A reaeration coefficient prediction model of general form was developed. The model is composed of two dimensionless parameters which were identified from the normalized dissolved-oxygen balance equation. A simplified model which has two model parameters was also developed. Both model parameters were evaluated specifically for the mountain creek and laboratory flume. A comparison of this simplified model with existing models revealed that most existing models are incomplete in form. It was found that inclusion of the dispersion coefficient in the reaeration coefficient model improved the prediction accuracy. The information obtained from this study would aid in determining the oxygen balance of mountain creeks which is essential to the resource management of mountain watersheds