Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of roots, stem-bark and leave extracts of Grewia mollis

The roots, stem-bark and leaves of Grewia mollis which is used as herbal remedies for the cure of diarrhea and dysentery by natives in northern part of Nigeria were studied. The ethanol and water extracts of roots, stem-bark and leaves of the plant were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhii, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus. From the tests carried out, the result reveals the presence of saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, volatile oils, alkaloids and phenols in the leaves extract of the plant. The antimicrobial activity revealed that ethanol extracts of the plant parts were active against E. coli, S. aureus and Streptococcus sp. This supports the claims of efficacy reported in fork use of the plant in the treatment of disease caused by some pathogens and if further purified can be used as source of novel antibiotics.Keywords: Grewia mollis, alkaloids, Escherichia coli, phytochemicals, cur

Preliminary phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of 50 medicinal plants from Nigeria

Ethanolic extracts of 50 plant species were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. The results indicated that of the 50 plant extracts, 28 plant extracts inhibited the growth of one or more test pathogens. Four plant extracts showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids and essential oils

Pharmacological justification for the ethnomedicinal use of Amblygonocarpus andongensis stem bark in pain relief

Amblygonocarpus andongensis (family: Mimosaceae) is ethnomedicinally used in Northern Nigeria for the relief of pain. The methanolic extract of the plant stem bark was evaluated for anti-nociceptive activity using acetic acid-induced writhing model and formalin test in mice. Anti-inflammatory property was tested on egg albumin-induced oedema in rats while agar dilution method was used for antimicrobial effect. The acute toxicity effect (LD50) was also determined via intraperitoneal route. The results showed the LD50 value to be 547.7 mg/kg i.p. There was a significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent reduction of acetic acid-induced pain at 50, 100, 200 mg/kg i.p. The extract at the same doses significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited pains in both early and late phases of the formalin test. However, the extract showed neither anti-inflammatory nor anti-microbial effects. The results corroborate the folkloric use of the plant

Evaluation of the aqueous extract of Boswellia dalzielii stem bark for antimicrobial activities and gastrointestinal effects

The aqueous extract of Boswelli dalzielii Hutch (family: Burseraceae) was investigated for therapeutic properties using aspirin-induced ulceration in rats, gastrointestinal motility in mice and castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was carried out via the oral route in mice. Antimicrobial and preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract was also investigated. The extract did not show toxicity signs or death at doses O.O5) protection against castor oil-induced diarrhoea in rats. No antimicrobial effects were shown by the extract (200 mg/kg) against any of the tested organisms. Tannins were detected in the aqueous extract. The above results show that B. dalzielii stem bark probably contains some active ingredients that could be developed for such gastrointestinal problems as have been claimed by traditional medical practitioners. Key words: . African Journal of Biotechnology Vol.3(5) 2004: 284-28

Amino acid profile of two non-conventional leafy vegetables, Sesamum indicum and Balanites aegyptiaca

The leaves of Sesamum indicum and Balanites aegyptiaca are popularly consumed in Adamawa State of Nigeria largely by the rural communities. They were analyzed to determine proximate nutrientcontent, amino acid composition and antinutritional factors. Data obtained for proximate composition showed protein content of 18.59 and 15.86% for S. indicum and B. Aegyptiaca, respectively. These values are high compared to those for some common Nigerian vegetables. Leaves of both plants had high percentages of crude fibre (27.58 and 30.75%). Carbohydrates, lipid, moisture and ash contents were within the range expected for dry leafy vegetable. Seventeen (17) amino acids were found invarying proportions in the protein of both vegetables. The anti-nutritional factors analyzed; tannins, oxalates and phytates, in the vegetables were lower than the range of values reported for most vegetables

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Khaya senegalensis against human pathogenic bacteria

Khaya senegalensis has medicinal properties for the effective management of several ailments including diarrhea. To establish the pharmacological rationale for its traditional use, the powdered root, stem-bark and leaves were extracted with water and ethanol. All fractions were subjected tophytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using the disc-diffusion method. The extracts contained saponins, tannins, phenols but no flavanoids, glycosides and resin. The stem-bark of the water fractions and the roots, stem-bark and leaves fractions of the ethanol fractions were active on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Baccilus subtilis,. These findings support the claim for its treatment of bacterial and fungal infections

Studies on Phytochemical and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Evaluation of Extracts of Boswelia Dalzielli Hutch

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Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial efficacy of extracts from Khaya senegalensis against human pathogenic bacteria

Khaya senegalensis has medicinal properties for the effective management of several ailments including diarrhea. To establish the pharmacological rationale for its traditional use, the powdered root, stem-bark and leaves were extracted with water and ethanol. All fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria using the disc-diffusion method. The extracts contained saponins, tannins, phenols but no flavanoids, glycosides and resin. The stem-bark of the water fractions and the roots, stem-bark and leaves fractions of the ethanol fractions were active on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp. and Baccilus subtilis,. These findings support the claim for its treatment of bacterial and fungal infections

Constituents of some essential oil bearing plants from Nigeria

The essential oils isolated from the air-dried leaves of four Nigerian plants of Commiphora kerstingii Engl (Burseraceae), Mangifera indica L., (Anacardiaceae), Callitris glauca R. Br. ex R.T. Baker. et H.G. Smith (Cupressaceae) and Ficus mucosa Welw. ex Ficalho (Moraceae), were analyzed for their constituents by GC and GC/MS. The volatile oil of Com. kerstingii contained (Z)-α-bisabolene (34.9%), β-bisabolene (9.3%), linalool (8.7%) and trans-α-bergamotene (7.9%) as the major constituents. On the other hand, the leaf oil of M. indica possessed a considerable proportion of α-gurjunene (23.6%), β-selinene (20.6%), β-caryophyllene (11.2%) and α-humulene (10.8%), while C. glauca had an abundance of α-pinene (19.6%) and limonene (13.1%). In addition, β-caryophyllene (37.0%), ethyl octanoate (14.9%) and methyl octanoate (8.3%) were the compounds occurring in higher percentages in the leaf oil of F. mucosa. © 2009, Taylor &amp; Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved