Notes on the juveniles of the rock cod Epinephelus tauvina (Forsskal)

The occurrence of the very young juveniles of the rock cod Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal) in Cochin backwater during February-June is reported here with brief notes on the morphometric variations between juveniles and adults and food and feeding habits of juveniles

Temporary Redundant Transmission Mechanism for SCTP Multihomed Hosts

In SCTP’s Concurrent Multipath Transfer, if data is sent to the destined IP(s) without knowledge of the paths condition, packets may be lost or delayed. This is because of the bursty nature of IP traffic and physical damage to the network. To offset these problems, network path status is examined using our new mechanism Multipath State Aware Concurrent Multipath Transfer using redundant transmission (MSACMT-RTv2). Here the status of multiple paths is analyzed, initially and periodically thereafter transmitted. After examination, paths priority is assigned before transmission. One path is temporarily employed as redundant path for the failure-expected path (FEP); this redundant path is used for transmitting redundant data. At the end of predefined period, reliability of the FEP is confirmed. If FEP is ensured to be reliable, temporary path is transformed into normal CMT path. MSACMT-RTv2 algorithm is simulated using the Delaware University ns-2 SCTP/CMT module (ns-2; V2.29). We present and discuss MSACMT-RTv2 performance in asymmetric path delay and with finite receiver buffer (rbuf) size. We extended our experiment to test robustness of this algorithm and inferred exhaustive result. It is inferred that our algorithm outperforms better in terms of increasing the throughput and reducing the latency than existing system

HALL EFFECT OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITED CdS THIN FILMS

ABSTRACT Thin films of CdS of different thickness have been prepared on glass substrates in various temperatures by Chemical bath deposition. The thickness of the films has been determined by quartz crystal monitor method. The Hall Effect and the electrical resistivity have been and continue to be the key parameters used in the investigations of the basic electrical conduction processes in semiconductor materials

Energy conversion in the prawn Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers) fed on artificial feed

Measured quantities of feed containing 33.33% by weight of tapioca powder, 16.67% of rice bran, 41.67% of fishmeal and 8.33% of mineral supplements (Starmin PS), made into pellets, using agar-agar as binding agent, were fed to Metapenaeiis dobsoni. Mean gross and net conversion (growth) efficiencies, Ki and : 2. were; 39.62% and 49.34%. Average assimilation efHciency was of the order 80.99%

ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITED CdS THIN FILMS

ABSTRAC

Dysglycemia induces abnormal circadian blood pressure variability

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Prediabetes (PreDM) in asymptomatic adults is associated with abnormal circadian blood pressure variability (abnormal CBPV).</p> <p>Hypothesis</p> <p>Systemic inflammation and glycemia influence circadian blood pressure variability.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats (n = 19) after weaning were fed either an American (AD) or a standard (SD) diet. The AD (high-glycemic-index, high-fat) simulated customary human diet, provided daily overabundant calories which over time lead to body weight gain. The SD (low-glycemic-index, low-fat) mirrored desirable balanced human diet for maintaining body weight. Body weight and serum concentrations for fasting glucose (FG), adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and proinflammatory cytokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)] were measured. Rats were surgically implanted with C40 transmitters and blood pressure (BP-both systolic; SBP and diastolic; DBP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded by telemetry every 5 minutes during both sleep (day) and active (night) periods. Pulse pressure (PP) was calculated (PP = SBP-DBP).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>[mean(SEM)]: The AD fed group displayed significant increase in body weight (after 90 days; p < 0.01). Fasting glucose, adipokine (leptin and adiponectin) concentrations significantly increased (at 90 and 172 days; all p < 0.05), along with a trend for increased concentrations of systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines (MCP-1 and TNF-α) on day 90. The AD fed group, with significantly higher FG, also exhibited significantly elevated circadian (24-hour) overall mean SBP, DBP, PP and HR (all p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data validate our stated hypothesis that systemic inflammation and glycemia influence circadian blood pressure variability. This study, for the first time, demonstrates a cause and effect relationship between caloric excess, enhanced systemic inflammation, dysglycemia, loss of blood pressure control and abnormal CBPV. Our results provide the fundamental basis for examining the relationship between dysglycemia and perturbation of the underlying mechanisms (adipose tissue dysfunction induced local and systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and alteration of adipose tissue precursors for the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system) which generate abnormal CBPV.</p

The spawning of the holothurian Actinopyga mauritiana (Quoy and Gaimard) on board FORV Sagar Sampada

Four specimens of Actinopyga mauHtlana collected on 27th September 1988 in Andaman waters south of Burmanalla near Port Blair, were left in the Aquarium on board FORV Sagar Sampada for observations. The surface temperature of the sea water was 25.0° C and the sea water in the Aquarium was 29.2° C. The higher temperature in the Aquarium triggered the male holothurians to spawn first followed by the female. The fertilized eggs developed only upto four-celled stage

Magnitude of lobster resources of India

Lobsters inhabit our tropical waters in different concentrations in some parts of our coasts. The average annual catch of lobsters during the 10 year period of 1975-84 was 1763 toni.es forming 0.82% among the crustaceans ano 0.12 % in the total marire fish landings. Of these 73.56 % was from Gujarat and Maharashtra and 19.45 % from Tamil Nadu. Of the 6 species of spiny lobsters recorded, only 3 of them ana one species of slipper lobster support the fishery of this country. The catches of Panulirus polyphagus and Thenus orientalis were substantial forming about 46.71% and 46.44% respectively. The catch of Panulirus homarus was poor contributing to only 5.89% while that of Panulirus ornatus was almost negligible, being 0.96%. The magnitude of the catch for P. homarus and P. ornatus is so small that they should not be exploited more than the existing rate from the present fishing grounds. Either new grounds have to be found or the population should be raised by culture practices to meet the demand of the market

The bovine alveolar macrophage DNA methylome is resilient to infection with Mycobacterium bovis

DNA methylation is pivotal in orchestrating gene expression patterns in various mammalian biological processes. Perturbation of the bovine alveolar macrophage (bAM) transcriptome, due to Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) infection, has been well documented; however, the impact of this intracellular pathogen on the bAM epigenome has not been determined. Here, whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) was used to assess the effect of M. bovis infection on the bAM DNA methylome. The methylomes of bAM infected with M. bovis were compared to those of non-infected bAM 24 hours post-infection (hpi). No differences in DNA methylation (CpG or non-CpG) were observed. Analysis of DNA methylation at proximal promoter regions uncovered >250 genes harbouring intermediately methylated (IM) promoters (average methylation of 33-66%). Gene ontology analysis, focusing on genes with low, intermediate or highly methylated promoters, revealed that genes with IM promoters were enriched for immune-related GO categories; this enrichment was not observed for genes in the high or low methylation groups. Targeted analysis of genes in the IM category confirmed the WGBS observation. This study is the first in cattle examining genome-wide DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution in an important bovine cellular host-pathogen interaction model, providing evidence for IM promoter methylation in bAM