Spectroscopic and thermal studies of cyano bridged hetero-metallic polymeric complexes derived from ligands containing N and S donor atoms

The new cyano bridged hetero-metallic polymeric complexes [Cu(dmtu)2Pd(CN)4]∙H2O and [Cu(H2O)2(detu)2Pd(CN)4]∙2H2O (dmtu = N,N'-dimethylthiourea, detu = N,N'-diethylthiourea; abbreviated henceforth as Cu–Pd–dmtu and Cu–Pd–detu) have been synthesized for the first time in powder form and their structures have been determined by vibrational (FT-IR and Raman) spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analysis techniques. Using vibration spectra of the complexes, it has been discussed whether the ligands are bound to metal atoms or not. According to the results obtained from the spectra of the complexes, the palladium atom is four coordinated with four cyano groups in a square planar geometry whereas the copper(II) atom of Cu–Pd–detu is six coordinated with two bridging cyano groups, two aqua and two detu ligands (four bridging cyano groups and two dmtu ligands for Cu–Pd–dmtu) in a distorted octahedral geometry. In addition, complex Cu–Pd–dmtu is similar to structure of the Hofmann type complexes and its structure consists of polymeric layers of |Cu–Pd(CN)4|∞ with the dmtu ligand bounded to the copper(II) atom. Thermal stabilities and decomposition products of the complexes were also investigated in the range of 30–1000 ºC in the static air atmosphere using TG, DTG and DTA techniques.                     KEY WORDS: Tetracyanopalladate(II), N,N'-dimethylthiourea, N,N'-diethylthiourea, Cyano-bridged complex, Vibration spectra   Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2020, 34(2), 365-376 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v34i2.1

Syntheses and characterizations of the cyanide-bridged heteronuclear polymeric complexes with 2-ethylimidazole

Three new cyano-bridged heteronuclear polymeric complexes, [Cu(etim)3Ni(CN)4]n, {[Zn(etim)3Ni(CN)4]∙H2O}n and [Cd(etim)2Ni(CN)4]n (etim = 2-ethylimidazole, hereafter abbreviated as Cu–Ni–etim, Zn–Ni–etim and Cd–Ni–etim) have been prepared in powder form and characterized by FT-IR and Raman spectroscopies, thermal (TG, DTG and DTA) and elemental analyses. The spectral features of the complexes suggest that the Ni(II) ion is four coordinate with four cyanide-carbon atoms in a square planar geometry, whereas the Cu(II) and the Zn(II) ions of the Cu–Ni–etim and the Zn–Ni–etim complexes are completed by nitrogen atoms of two cyano groups of [Ni(CN)4]2- coordinated to the adjacent M(II) ions and three nitrogen atoms of the etim ligands. The Cd(II) ion of the Cd–Ni–etim complex is six-coordinate, completed with the two nitrogen atoms of the etim ligands and the four nitrogen atoms from bridging cyano groups. Polymeric structures of the Cu–Ni–etim and the Zn–Ni–etim complexes are 1D coordination polymer, while complex the Cd–Ni–etim presents a 2D network. The thermal decompositions in the temperature range 30–700 °C of the complexes were investigated in the static air atmosphere

Syntheses, spectroscopic and thermal analyses of the hofmann-type metal(II) tetra- cyanonickelate(II) pyridazine complexes: {[M(pdz)Ni(CN)4]∙H2O}n (M = Zn(II) or Cd(II))

Two new Hofmann-type complexes in the form of {[M(pdz)Ni(CN)4]·H2O}n [where pdz = pyridazine; M = Zn(II) and M = Cd(II)] have been synthesized as a powder and their structural properties have been characterized by vibrational (FT-IR and Raman) spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analysis. The spectral and thermal analysis results suggest that these complexes are similar in structure to the Hofmann type complexes and their structures consist of polymeric layers of │M−Ni(CN)4│∞ with the pdz bound to the metal (M) atom. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v29i3.

Nohut Üretiminde Enerji Kullanım Etkinliği ve Sera Gazı (GHG) Emisyonunun Belirlenmesi (Adana ili örneği)

Bu çalışmada, 2017 yılında Adana koşullarında yetiştirilen nohut üretiminin enerji bilançosunun oluşturulması ve sera gazı (GHG) emisyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan alet-makinelerin ekonomik ömürleri, iş başarısı, yakıt-yağ tüketimleri, makine ağırlıkları ile gübre, tohum miktarları gibi temel veriler, mevcuttaki yapılan ölçümlerden, yapılan diğer çalışmalardan, çeşitli kaynak ve kataloglardan temin edilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda nohut üretiminde enerji çıktı/girdi oranı 1.82, özgül enerji değeri 9.99 MJ kg-1, enerji üretkenliği 0.10 kgMJ-1, net enerji verimi 8319.86 MJ ha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Nohut üretiminde toplam enerji girdileri içerisinde en yüksek kullanım oranı % 35.59 ile yakıt-yağ enerjisinde olduğu bulunmuştur. Bunu sırasıyla % 24.63 ile gübre enerjisi, %23.49 ile tohum enerjisi, % 8.43 ile makine enerjisi, % 7.61 ile ilaç enerjisi ve % 0.24 ile insan enerjisi takip etmiştir. Nohut üretimi için toplam GHG emisyonu 1638.85 kgCO2-eşha-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Toplam GHG emisyonları içerisinde en yüksek pay tohuma (%60.52) aittir. Tohumu sırasıyla dizel yakıt tüketimi (%17.56), azotlu gübre kullanımı (%8.37), fosfatlı gübre kullanımı (%4.32), makine kullanımı (%3.69), fungusit kullanımı (%2.62), herbisit kullanımı (%2.47) ve insan işgücü (%0.46) takip etmiştir. Buna ilave olarak, nohut üretiminde GHG oranı 1.62 kgCO2-eşkg-1 olarak hesaplanmıştır

Benefit of Bevacizumab-Based Frontline Therapy in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (mCRC): a Turkish Oncology Group Study

PubMed ID: 27126591Background: Several chemotherapy regimens using bevacizumab have been developed. Our goal was to investigate regimens that have demonstrated significant clinical activity in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Materials and Methods: Six hundred and sixty six patients with mCRC who received first-line chemotherapy combination with bevacizumab were studied. Fluoropyrimidine (F) plus irinotecan (I)-based (FI-bev), F plus oxaliplatin (O)-based (FO-bev), and F-based (F-bev) treatment regimens were compared with respect to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: The median PFS of FI-bev (n = 414) was 10.9 months (95 % CI 10–11.8), of FO-bev (n = 211) was 9.4 months (95 % CI 8.3–10.4), and of F-bev (n = 41) was 9.5 months (95 % CI 5.9–13.1) (p = 0.089). The median OS of FI-bev was 26.3 months (95 % CI 21.7–30.9), of FO-bev was 27 months (95 % CI 24.3–29.7), and of F-bev was 23.3 months (95 % CI 12.7–33.9) (p = 0.102). In KRAS wild-type patients, the median PFS of FI-bev group was significantly longer than FO-bev group (10.5 vs. 9.1 months, p = 0.006). The FI-bev group had better OS than FO-bev group with borderline significance (p = 0.058). The FI-bev group had significantly longer OS than F-bev group. Patients who underwent metastasectomy or those with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS) ?1 had longer PFS and OS independent of the type of chemotherapy regimen. Conclusion: FI-bev may be the preferred frontline regimen for patients with KRAS wild-type mCRC. Metastasectomy and performance score were the strongest positive predictors of OS and PFS regardless of backbone chemotherapy regimen. © 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York