Environmental effects on magnetic fluorescent powder development of fingermarks on bird of prey feathers

A comparison study of the effects of environmental conditions on the development of latent fingermarks on raptor feathers using green magnetic fluorescent powder was undertaken using both sebaceous loaded and natural fingermark deposits. Sparrowhawk feathers were stored in indoor conditions for 60 days (Study 1), and buzzard feathers were left exposed to two different environmental conditions (hidden and visible) for 21 days (Study 2), with developments made at regular ageing periods. In Study 1, latent fingermarks were successfully developed (Grade 1–4) on the indoor feathers up to 60 days after deposition – 98.6% of the loaded deposits and 85.3% for natural deposits. Under outdoor conditions in Study 2, both loaded and natural deposits were affected by environmental exposure. Latent fingermarks were successfully developed up to 14 days after deposition on the outdoor feathers, with some occasional recovery after 21 days. The visible feathers recorded 34.7% (loaded) and 16.4% (natural) successful developments (Grade 1–4), whereas the hidden feathers recorded 46.7% (loaded) and 22.2% (natural) successful developments, suggesting that protection from the environment helps to preserve latent fingermarks on the surface of a feather. Environmental exposure accelerated the deterioration of ridge detail and the number of successful developments

Cohomology of Line Bundles: A Computational Algorithm

We present an algorithm for computing line bundle valued cohomology classes over toric varieties. This is the basic starting point for computing massless modes in both heterotic and Type IIB/F-theory compactifications, where the manifolds of interest are complete intersections of hypersurfaces in toric varieties supporting additional vector bundles.Comment: 11 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables; v2: typos and references corrected; v3: proof-related statements updated, cohomCalg implementation available at http://wwwth.mppmu.mpg.de/members/blumenha/cohomcalg

A modified Oster-Murray-Harris mechanical model of morphogenesis

There are two main modeling paradigms for biological pattern formation in developmental biology: chemical prepattern models and cell aggregation models. This paper focuses on an example of a cell aggregation model, the mechanical model developed by Oster, Murray, and Harris [Development, 78 (1983), pp. 83--125]. We revisit the Oster--Murray--Harris model and find that, due to the infinitesimal displacement assumption made in the original version of this model, there is a restriction on the types of boundary conditions that can be prescribed. We derive a modified form of the model which relaxes the infinitesimal displacement assumption. We analyze the dynamics of this model using linear and multiscale nonlinear analysis and show that it has the same linear behavior as the original Oster--Murray--Harris model. Nonlinear analysis, however, predicts that the modified model will allow for a wider range of parameters where the solution evolves to a bounded steady state. The results from both analyses are verified through numerical simulations of the full nonlinear model in one and two dimensions. The increased range of boundary conditions that are well-posed, as well as a wider range of parameters that yield bounded steady states, renders the modified model more applicable to, and more robust for, comparisons with experiments

Coastal flood implications of 1.5 {\deg}C, 2.0 {\deg}C, and 2.5 {\deg}C temperature stabilization targets in the 21st and 22nd century

Sea-level rise (SLR) is magnifying the frequency and severity of coastal flooding. The rate and amount of global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise is a function of the trajectory of global mean surface temperature (GMST). Therefore, temperature stabilization targets (e.g., 1.5 {\deg}C and 2.0 {\deg}C of warming above pre-industrial levels, as from the Paris Agreement) have important implications for coastal flood risk. Here, we assess differences in the return periods of coastal floods at a global network of tide gauges between scenarios that stabilize GMST warming at 1.5 {\deg}C, 2.0 {\deg}C, and 2.5 {\deg}C above pre-industrial levels. We employ probabilistic, localized SLR projections and long-term hourly tide gauge records to construct estimates of the return levels of current and future flood heights for the 21st and 22nd centuries. By 2100, under 1.5 {\deg}C, 2.0 {\deg}C, and 2.5 {\deg}C GMST stabilization, median GMSL is projected to rise 47 cm with a very likely range of 28-82 cm (90% probability), 55 cm (very likely 30-94 cm), and 58 cm (very likely 36-93 cm), respectively. As an independent comparison, a semi-empirical sea level model calibrated to temperature and GMSL over the past two millennia estimates median GMSL will rise within < 13% of these projections. By 2150, relative to the 2.0 {\deg}C scenario, GMST stabilization of 1.5 {\deg}C inundates roughly 5 million fewer inhabitants that currently occupy lands, including 40,000 fewer individuals currently residing in Small Island Developing States. Relative to a 2.0 {\deg}C scenario, the reduction in the amplification of the frequency of the 100-yr flood arising from a 1.5 {\deg}C GMST stabilization is greatest in the eastern United States and in Europe, with flood frequency amplification being reduced by about half