42,514 research outputs found
How immigration might alleviate the effects of an influenza pandemic: a freshwater microbiology story
Nonlocality without inequality for spin-s system
We analyze Hardy's non-locality argument for two spin-s systems and show that
earlier solution in this regard was restricted due to imposition of some
conditions which have no role in the argument of non-locality. We provide a
compact form of non-locality condition for two spin-s systems and extend it to
n number of spin-s particles. We also apply more general kind of non-locality
argument still without inequality, to higher spin system.Comment: 6 page
Leptophilic Dark Matter with interactions
We consider a scenario where dark matter (DM) interacts exclusively with
Standard Model (SM) leptons at tree level. Due to the absence of tree-level
couplings to quarks, the constraints on leptophilic dark matter arising from
direct detection and hadron collider experiments are weaker than those for a
generic WIMP. We study a simple model in which interactions of DM with SM
leptons are mediated by a leptophilic boson, and determine constraints on
this scenario arising from relic density, direct detection, and other
experiments. We then determine current LHC limits and project the future
discovery reach. We show that, despite the absence of direct interactions with
quarks, this scenario can be strongly constrained.Comment: 12 pages, 15 figure
Visual Search for Galaxies near the Northern Crossing of the Supergalactic plane by the Milky Way
We have visually examined twelve Palomar red Plates for galaxies at low
Galactic latitude b, where the Supergalactic Plane (SGP) is crossed by the
Galactic Plane (GP), at Galactic longitude l ~135 degrees. The catalogue
consists of 2575 galaxy candidates, of which 462 have major axis diameters d >=
0.8 arc min (uncorrected for extinction). Galaxy candidates can be identified
down to |b| ~ 0 degrees. One of our galaxy candidates (J24 = Dwingeloo 1) has
recently been discovered independently in 21cm by Kraan-Korteweg et al. (1994)
as a nearby galaxy. Comparisons with the structures seen in the IRAS and UGC
catalogues are made. We compare the success rate of identifying galaxies using
the IRAS Point Source Catalogue under different colour selection criteria. The
criteria that require both the 60 micron and 100 micron fluxes to be of high
quality, have the highest probability of selecting a galaxy (with d >= 0.6 arc
min), but at the expense of selecting a smaller number of galaxies in total.Comment: uuencoded compressed postscript, without figures. The figures are
available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.htm
Alcohol and healthy ageing: a challenge for alcohol policy
Objectives:
This paper presents findings of a qualitative study of older people's use of alcohol during retirement and identifies ways that an improved understanding of older people's drinking can inform policy approaches to alcohol and active and healthy ageing.
Study design:
Qualitative semi-structured interviews conducted with a self-selecting sample of retired people.
Methods:
Participants were recruited from three geographical locations in the West of Scotland. A quota sampling design was used to ensure a broad spread of participants in terms of socio-economic position, age and gender. In total 40 participants were interviewed and the data analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's (2006) approach.
Results:
Amongst those who used alcohol, it was most often framed in terms of pleasure, relaxation, socialising and as a way to mark the passage of time. Alcohol was often associated with social occasions and interactions both in private and in public spaces. There were also many examples of the use of imposed routines to limit alcohol use and of a decreasing volume of alcohol being consumed as participants aged. This suggests that older people are often active in constructing what they regard as âhealthierâ routines around alcohol use. However, processes and circumstances associated with ageing can lead to risk of social isolation and/or increased alcohol consumption. Such processes include retirement from paid work and other âbiographical disruptionsâ such as caring for a partner, bereavement and/or loss of social networks.
Conclusions:
These findings highlight processes that can result in changes in drinking habits and routines. Whilst these processes can be associated with a reduction or cessation of alcohol use as people age, they can also be associated with increased risk of harmful alcohol consumption. Fractured or disrupted routines, particularly those associated with bereavement or the burden of caring responsibilities, through increasing the risk of loneliness and isolation, can construct increased risk of harmful alcohol consumption. These findings reframe the pathway of risk between ageing and alcohol-related harm by highlighting the vulnerability to harmful drinking practices brought by fracture or sudden change of routine. The findings point to a role for public health in supporting the reconstruction of routines that provide structure and meaning and can be used to actively manage the benefits and harms associated with drinking
Halting Planet Migration in the Evacuated Centers of Protoplanetary Disks
Precise Doppler searches for extrasolar planets find a surfeit of planets
with orbital periods of 3-4 days, and no planets with orbital periods less than
3 days. The circumstellar distance, R_0, where small grains in a protoplanetary
disk reach sublimation temperature (~1500 K) corresponds to a period of ~6
days. Interior to R_0, turbulent accretion due to magneto-rotational
instability may evacuate the disk center. We suggest that planets with orbital
periods of 3-4 days are so common because migrating planets halt once this
evacuated region contains the sites of their exterior 2:1 Lindblad resonances.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, to appear in ApJ letter
Tomographic Characterization of Three-Qubit Pure States with Only Two-Qubit Detectors
A tomographic process for three-qubit pure states using only pairwise
detections is presented.Comment: 3 pages; revtex4; v2: the focus on tomography was emphasized and the
experimental procedure detailed; v3: the text was improved in clarity, some
mistakes were correcte
Impact of Driving Cycles on Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Fuel Economy for SI Car Real World Driving
The transport sector is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigated three greenhouse gases emitted from road transport: CO2, N2O and CH4 emissions as a function of engine warm up and driving cycles. Five different urban driving cycles were developed and used including free flow driving and congested driving. An in-vehicle FTIR (Fourier Transform Inferred) emission measurement system was installed on a EURO2 emission compliant SI (Spark Ignition) car for emissions measurement at a rate of 0.5 HZ under real world urban driving conditions. This emission measurement system was calibrated on a standard CVS (Constant Volume Sampling) measurement system and showed excellent agreement on CO2 measurement with CVS results. The N2O and CH4 measurement was calibrated using calibration gas in lab. A MAX710 real time in-vehicle fuel consumption measurement system was installed in the test vehicle and real time fuel consumption was then obtained. The temperatures across the TWC (Three Way Catalyst) and engine out exhaust gas lambda were measured. The GHG (greenhouse gas) mass emissions and consequent GWP (Global Warming Potential) for different urban diving conditions were analyzed and presented. The results provided a better understanding of traffic related greenhouse gas emission profile in urban area and will contribute to the control of climate change
Experimental violation of a spin-1 Bell inequality using maximally-entangled four-photon states
We demonstrate the first experimental violation of a spin-1 Bell inequality.
The spin-1 inequality is a calculation based on the Clauser, Horne, Shimony and
Holt formalism. For entangled spin-1 particles the maximum quantum mechanical
prediction is 2.552 as opposed to a maximum of 2, predicted using local hidden
variables. We obtained an experimental value of 2.27 using the
four-photon state generated by pulsed, type-II, stimulated parametric
down-conversion. This is a violation of the spin-1 Bell inequality by more than
13 standard deviations.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Revtex4. Problem with figures resolve
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