Inflation and the quantum measurement problem

We propose a solution to the quantum measurement problem in inflation. Our model treats Fourier modes of cosmological perturbations as analogous to particles in a weakly interacting Bose gas. We generalize the idea of a macroscopic wave function to cosmological fields, and construct a self-interaction Hamiltonian that focuses that wave function. By appropriately setting the coupling between modes, we obtain the standard adiabatic, scale-invariant power spectrum. Because of central limit theorem, we recover a Gaussian random field, consistent with observations

On the Nonlinear Impulsive Ψ\Psi--Hilfer Fractional Differential Equations

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear $\Psi$-Hilfer impulsive fractional differential equation. Our main objective is to derive the formula for the solution and examine the existence and uniqueness of results. The acquired results are extended to the nonlocal $\Psi$-Hilfer impulsive fractional differential equation. We gave an applications to the outcomes we procured. Further, examples are provided in support of the results we got.Comment: 2

Morphophysiological variations in two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic zones

The present investigation is a comparative study of the morphological and physiological characteristics of two Penicillium strains isolated from different climatic regions. A psychrophilic strain Penicillium oxalicum isolated from Leh (Ladakh) - a cold desert in J & K (India) was able to grow upto 4°C and other one was a  mesophilic Penicillium citrinum, isolated from Lucknow (U.P.), India, was able to grow upto 35°C. The Fungal Taxonomical classification of both the strains was primarily based on the morphology of hyphae, spores, and spore-bearing (conidial) structures of isolates. The ITS region of 18s rDNA was successfully amplified using universal primers ITS4 & ITS5 for molecular identification fungal isolates. The Psychrophilic strain was identified as Penicillium oxalicum (accession no. KR150256) and mesophilic strain as Penicillium citrinum (accession no. KR150257). Physiological studies pertaining to preference of growth temperature and nutritional (C, N) conditions on the growth of both the Penicillium strains was studied to understand their physiology response. The study revealed interesting results regarding the growth and reproductive behaviour of both Penicillium strains adapted to different climatic zones. The temperature range of 4-25°C was found to be optimum range for growth of Psychrophilic Penicillium oxalicum. However, maximum growth of the psychrophilic strain was achieved at 15°C at acidic pH 4.0. The mycelial growth of mesophilic P. citrinum occurred between 15-35°C at acidic pH 5.0; but its optimum growth was obtained between 25-30°C.  The best carbon source for the growth of P. oxalicum was glucose, followed by sucrose. On the other hand, the best carbon source for the growth of P. citrinum was found to be sucrose, followed by glucose. The best nitrogen source for growth of P. oxalicum was found to be sodium nitrate, followed by organic nitrogen glycine, and L-tryptophan. On the contrary, P. citrinum could grow well in the presence........

The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on depression in polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Authors explored the effects of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on depression in females with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS).Methods: In a 4-week study duration in which the intervention was for three times a week, 30 females which were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria received a PMR protocol in which subjects were taught to contract and relax 16 muscle groups. The Becks Depression Inventory (BDI) was taken before and after the intervention as a depression analysis tool.Results: After 4 weeks of intervention, the patients showed significant improvement in depression (P < 0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, this study suggests that PMR practice is effective in improving depression, in patients with PCOS

Constraints on R-parity violating supersymmetry from neutral meson mixing

Upper bounds at the weak scale are put on all $\lambda'_{ijk}\lambda'_{imn}$ type products of R-parity violating supersymmetry that may affect K-Kbar and B-Bbar mixing. We constrain all possible products, including some not considered before, using next-to-leading order QCD corrections to the mixing amplitudes. Constraints are obtained for both real and imaginary parts of the couplings. We also discuss briefly some correlated decay channels which should be investigated in future experiments.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, uses revtex. Constraints updated, and new constraints adde

A PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEW ON CURCUMA PSEUDOMONTANA J.GRAHAM

Curcuma pseudomontana J. Graham belongs to the family Zingiberaceae, commonly known as hill turmeric. It is an endemic to the Western and Eastern Ghats, of peninsular India. C. pseudomontana rhizome is beneficial against leprosy, dysentery, and cardiac diseases. The Savara, Bagata, and Valmiki tribes of Andhra Pradesh use tuber extracts to cure jaundice and Bagata tribes use this plant for diabetes. In the present study, the preliminary phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of the rhizome extracts of C. pseudomontana were evaluated. Phytochemical screening indicated that rhizomes are rich in a variety of primary and secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, and saponins. The study highlights the biochemical and ethnopharmacological significance of an endemic C. pseudomontana. The results of pharmacognostic analysis will be helpful in developing standards for quality, purity, and sample identification. The current review summarizes the pharmacognostic parameters such as macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical constituents, fluorescence analysis, nutritive value, behavior analysis of rhizome powder, and pharmacological activities prove it is a useful medicinal plant

Secondary abdominal pregnancy following rupture of bicornuate uterus in early third trimester: a case report and review of literature

Rupture uterus in a nulliparous woman is generally associated with mullerian anomalies and can present with acute obstetric emergency. It is a rare event and generally occurs in first or second trimester. Rupture of rudimentary horn in third trimester is extremely rare and can have adverse outcome for both mother and foetus. We describe a 24 years old primigravida patient with 28 weeks of gestation who came to casualty in gasping condition. She was having acute abdominal pain and distension with circulatory shock. Patient was immediately intubated and resuscitative measures started in casualty. Clinical and ultrasound findings suggestive of abdominal pregnancy and possibility of rupture of one horn of bicornuate uterus with haemoperitoneum. As patient was very critical resuscitative measures started and immediate laparotomy revealed abdominal pregnancy with dead foetus and ruptured right rudimentary horn with part of placenta adherent to omentum which was excised along with excision of rudimentary horn and placenta. Timely laparotomy with aggressive resuscitative measures saved the patients life. This case is extremely rare presentation of abdominal pregnancy in early third trimester and highlights the importance of early diagnosis of abdominal pregnancies and its timely management

Isgur-Wise function in a QCD potential model with coulombic potential as perturbation

We study heavy light mesons in a QCD inspired quark model with the Cornell potential$-\frac{4\alpha_{S}}{3r}+br+c$. Here we consider the linear term $br$ as the parent and $-\frac{4\alpha_{S}}{3r}+c$ i.e.the Coloumbic part as the perturbation.The linear parent leads to Airy function as the unperturbed wavefunction. We then use the Dalgarno method of perturbation theory to obtain the total wavefunction corrected upto first order with Coulombic peice as the perturbation.With these wavefunctions, we study the Isgur-Wise function and calculate its slope and curvature.Comment: paper has been modified in Airy functions calculation upto o(r^3

Calcium trafficking integrates endoplasmic reticulum function with mitochondrial bioenergetics

AbstractCalcium homeostasis is central to all cellular functions and has been studied for decades. Calcium acts as a critical second messenger for both extracellular and intracellular signaling and is fundamental in cell life and death decisions (Berridge et al., 2000) [1]. The calcium gradient in the cell is coupled with an inherent ability of the divalent cation to reversibly bind multiple target biological molecules to generate an extremely versatile signaling system [2]. Calcium signals are used by the cell to control diverse processes such as development, neurotransmitter release, muscle contraction, metabolism, autophagy and cell death. “Cellular calcium overload” is detrimental to cellular health, resulting in massive activation of proteases and phospholipases leading to cell death (Pinton et al., 2008) [3]. Historically, cell death associated with calcium ion perturbations has been primarily recognized as necrosis. Recent evidence clearly associates changes in calcium ion concentrations with more sophisticated forms of cellular demise, including apoptosis (Kruman et al., 1998; Tombal et al., 1999; Lynch et al., 2000; Orrenius et al., 2003) [4–7]. Although the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves as the primary calcium store in the metazoan cell, dynamic calcium release to the cytosol, mitochondria, nuclei and other organelles orchestrate diverse coordinated responses. Most evidence supports that calcium transport from the ER to mitochondria plays a significant role in regulating cellular bioenergetics, production of reactive oxygen species, induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Recently, molecular identities that mediate calcium traffic between the ER and mitochondria have been discovered (Mallilankaraman et al., 2012a; Mallilankaraman et al., 2012b; Sancak et al., 2013)[8–10]. The next questions are how they are regulated for exquisite tight control of ER–mitochondrial calcium dynamics. This review attempts to summarize recent advances in the role of calcium in regulation of ER and mitochondrial function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Calcium signaling in health and disease. Guest Editors: Geert Bultynck, Jacques Haiech, Claus W. Heizmann, Joachim Krebs, and Marc Moreau