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The opsonizing ligand on Salmonella typhimurium influences incorporation of specific, but not azurophil, granule constituents into neutrophil phagosomes.
Phagosomes were purified from human neutrophils ingesting Salmonella typhimurium opsonized with adsorbed normal human serum or with rabbit IgG. Constituents within the phagosome were endogenously labeled by supplying the cells with 125INa during phagocytosis. Lactoferrin and vitamin B12 binding protein (TC1 and TC3), markers for specific granules, were present in the phagosomes from neutrophils ingesting S. typhimurium opsonized with IgG but were 3.5- to 5-fold less prominent in phagosomes from cells phagocytosing Salmonella bearing C3 fragments only. In contrast, iodinated azurophilic granule components, most prominently defensins, were the major constituents in phagosomes prepared under both opsonization conditions. Furthermore, labeled complement (CR1 and CR3) and immunoglobulin (Fc gamma RIII) receptors were incorporated in the phagosome regardless of the ligand mediating phagocytosis. These results suggest that the ligand-receptor interactions mediating phagocytosis influence incorporation of neutrophil-specific granule contents into phagosomes
Non-invasive vibrational mode spectroscopy of ion Coulomb crystals through resonant collective coupling to an optical cavity field
We report on a novel non-invasive method to determine the normal mode
frequencies of ion Coulomb crystals in traps based on the resonance enhanced
collective coupling between the electronic states of the ions and an optical
cavity field at the single photon level. Excitations of the normal modes are
observed through a Doppler broadening of the resonance. An excellent agreement
with the predictions of a zero-temperature uniformly charged liquid plasma
model is found. The technique opens up for investigations of the heating and
damping of cold plasma modes, as well as the coupling between them.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Voltage from mechanical stress in type-II superconductors: Depinning of the magnetic flux by moving dislocations
Mechanical stress causes motion of defects in solids. We show that in a
type-II superconductor a moving dislocation generates a pattern of current that
exerts the depinning force on the surrounding vortex lattice. Concentration of
dislocations and the mechanical stress needed to produce critical depinning
currents are shown to be within practical range. When external magnetic field
and transport current are present this effect generates voltage across the
superconductor. Thus a superconductor can serve as an electrical sensor of the
mechanical stress.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure
Experimental Studies for the Detection of Protein in Trace Amounts Quarterly Status Report, 1 Mar. - 31 May 1965
Methods for separating inorganic compounds from organic materials in investigation of trace proteins in soil
Buckets of Water into the Ocean: Non-public Revenue in Public Charter and Traditional Public Schools
The funding of K-12 education remains a contentious public policy issue. Questions of funding adequacy and equity across school sectors, school districts and individual schools are prominent in discussions of how to improve educational outcomes, especially for students from disadvantaged backgrounds (Downes & Stiefel 2008; Ladd 2008). Although scholars are divided regarding the extent to which money affects student outcomes in K-12 education (Jackson, Johnson, & Persico 2015; Hanushek, 1997; Burtless 1996), there is basic agreement that more education revenue is better so long as the increased resources are directed towards productive educational activities and programs (Murnane & Levy 1996). If you ask education practitioners, the majority will say that more resources will make their schools better
Clusterization, frustration and collectivity in random networks
We consider the random Erd{\H o}s--R\'enyi network with enhanced
clusterization and Ising spins at the network nodes. Mutually linked
spins interact with energy . Magnetic properties of the system as dependent
on the clustering coefficient are investigated with the Monte Carlo heat
bath algorithm. For the Curie temperature increases from 3.9 to 5.5
when increases from almost zero to 0.18. These results deviate only
slightly from the mean field theory. For the spin-glass phase appears
below ; this temperature decreases with , on the contrary to the
mean field calculations. The results are interpreted in terms of social
systems.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures; serious change of result
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