Modulation of placental vascular endothelial growth factor by leptin and hCG

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been identified as an endothelium‐specific mitogen and inducer of angiogenesis and endothelial cell survival. Leptin and hCG have also been suggested as possible regulators of angiogenesis in various models. In‐vivo and in‐vitro assays revealed that leptin has an angiogenic activity and that the vascular endothelium is a target for leptin. Thus, we hypothesized that products of cytotrophoblastic cells may play a role in placental angiogenesis and we therefore investigated the effects of leptin and hCG on cytotrophoblast VEGF secretion. We incubated cytotrophoblastic cells (CTB) with recombinant human leptin (rhLept) (0-4 pg/ml) or hCG (0-30000 IU/ml) for 4 h. rhLept significantly stimulated hCG (P = 0.0045) and decreased VEGF release (P = 0.0008) by CTB in a concentration‐dependent manner. On the other hand, increasing concentrations of hCG (0-30000 IU/ml), induced a significant inhibition of leptin secretion (P = 0.0028) and a marked dose‐dependent stimulation of VEGF165 secretion (P 1000‐fold in basal trophoblastic VEGF secretion with physiological concentrations of hCG in vitro. An inhibitory effect of hCG on trophoblastic leptin secretion was also observed, suggesting that hCG might exert a possible negative feedback on trophoblastic release of leptin. We hypothesize that trophoblastic products such as hCG and leptin are probably involved in the control of VEGF secretion at the maternal-fetal interfac

Analisis Pengaruh Reputasi Organisasi dan Kinerja Keuangan terhadap Kontribusi Organisasi Nirlaba

This study aims to examine the effect of reputation and financial performance to nonprofit contributions. Reputation as an independent variable measured by the age and the size of the non-profit organization, while financial performance is proxy through fiscal performance, public support, and program efficiency. For the independent variables, this study used total contributions acquired by non-profit organizations.This study tested using OLS regression with balanced panel data. The population of this study is all nonprofit organization in Indonesia in 2010-2014, with a sample of 15 non-profit organizations selected by using purposive random sampling. The criteria used in selecting the sample are a nonprofit organization that has a complete financial statement of 2010-2014 and presenting in Rupiah currency.The empirical results of this study indicate that the size of the organization and program efficiency have a positive influence to nonprofit contributions. By contrast, public support has a negative influence to the nonprofit contributions. While the age of the organization and fiscal performance did not influence the nonprofit contributions

Pembelajaran Fisika dengan Model Learning Cycle 7e pada Materi Listrik Dinamis untuk Meningkatkan Penalaran Formal Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri 4 Pekanbaru

Abstrack: This research aims to describe and differentiate the student formal reasoning through the implementation of learning cycle 7E model for the material dynamic electricity in the class of X SMA Negeri 4 Pekanbaru. Population of this research is all of X classes with 304 students. Meanwhile the samples are 37 students in X3 as experimental class and 37 students in X4 as control class. The instrument of data collection in this study is a formal reasoning performance test which consists of 15 multiple choice items. Analysis of the data in this study was a descriptive analysis that was used to determine the performace of the physic learning through the criteria of absorption and effectiveness of learning. The inferential analysis was used to differentiate a formal reasoning considerably using independent sample t-test using SPSS 20 program. The analysis data shows: the average absorption of the class is 80.16% with the good category, and declared as an effective learning. The value of t tests is p = 0.008 means p < 0.05, then H0 is rejected. Which means that there are differences in formal reasoning test result between students in experiment class that taught using learning cycle 7E and control class that uses conventional learning with a level of 95%. It can therefore be concluded that the implementation of learning cycle 7E can be used as an alternative in the learning process in the classroom X SMA Negeri 4 Pekanbaru

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam Pada Teknik Bud Chip Tiga Varietas Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kombinasi akibat perlakuan komposisi media tanam dan varietas serta mendapatkan komposisi media tanam yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan bibit dengan teknik bud chip dari tiga varietas tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga Juli 2012 di Pusat Penelitian Gula PTPN X (Persero). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan faktor pertama varietas dan faktor kedua komposisi media. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara komposisi media tanam dan varietas pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah ruas batang, luas daun dan bobot kering total tanaman. Pembibitan tanaman tebu pada media dengan komposisi tanah : kompos : pasir (10% : 70% : 20%) menghasilkan nilai rerata diameter batang, jumlah ruas batang, luas daun, bobot segar total tanaman dan bobot kering total tanaman lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan komposisi tanah : kompos : pasir (70% : 20% : 10%) dan (20% : 10% : 70%). Varietas PSJK 922 cocok ditanam pada media dengan komposisi tanah : kompos : pasir (10% : 20% : 70%). Sebaiknya pembibitan tebu dengan teknik bud chip ditanam pada media dengan perbandingan komposisi media tanah : pasir : kompos (10% : 20% : 70%) menggunakan varietas PSJK 922

Pengaruh Dosis Rhizobium Serta Macam Pupuk Kandang Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Varietas Kancil

Peningkatan produksi kacang tanah dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan inokulum rhizobium dan pupuk kandang. Rhizobium merupakan bakteri yang mampu mengikat nitrogen di udara. Bakteri Rhizobium sebagai salah satu contoh kelompok bakteri yang berkemampuan sebagai penyedia hara bagi tanaman. Apabila bersimbiosis dengan tanaman legum, kelompok bakteri ini akan menginfeksi akar tanaman dan membentuk bintil akar. Pemberian pupuk kandang dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, selain itu juga memperbaiki struktur tanah.. Pemberian pupuk kandang meningkatkan aktivitas rhizobium sehingga dapat menginfeksi akar tanaman kacang tanah dan dapat meninggkatkan Nitrogen yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman kacang tanah. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juli 2014 di Kecamatan Dau Kabupaten Malang. Bahan yang digunakan pada percobaan adalah benih kacang tanah varietas Kancil, inokulum rhizobium (legin),, pupuk kandang sapi , pupuk kandang ayam, Urea, KCl dan pestisida. Alat yang digunakan adalah timbangan, alat pengukur luas daun (leaf area meter), oven untuk mengeringkan tanaman, cangkul, sekop, parang, sabit. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial terdiri dari perlakuan pertama I0: Tanpa inokulum, I1: Inokulum rhizobium (legin) (5 g/kg benih), I2: Inokulum rhizobium (legin) (10 g/kg benih), I3: Inokulum rhizobium (legin) (15 g/kg benih). Perlakuan kedua P0: Tanpa pupuk P1: pupuk kandang sapi, P2: pupuk kandang ayam. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa pemberian inokulum rhizobium 10 g/kg benih dan jenis pupuk kandang ayam memberikan hasil jumlah polong lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian inokulum rhizobium 0 g/kg benih dan tanpa pupuk kandang. Pemberian inokulum rhizobium 5 g/kg benih dan tanpa pupuk kandang dapat memberikan hasil indeks panen tertinggi

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroba Termofilik Penghasil Xilanase dari Lumpur Panas Lapindo sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Klorin pada Industri Kertas

This study aimed to isolate xylanase producing microbe from hot mud in Lapindo area disaster. This microbes were supposed to be extremophillic bacterium because of extreme condition of hot mud. This study comrised of sampling hot mud disaster, isolation and characterization of thermophillic isolates, and characterization of thermophillic xylanase. The result showed that 14 xylanolitic isolates were obtained and one isolate (C211) had the best xylanase activity. This enzyme had optimum activity at 50°C and pH 7.0, and showed the hydrolytic activity of 2.60 unit/mL/min

Hubungan Baik Dengan Orang Yang Signifikan Dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Kebahagiaan Remaja Indonesia

Budaya memainkan peran penting terhadap upaya orang dalam meraih kebahagiaan. Di budaya kolektif, kebahagiaan dikonstruksikan sebagai harmoni sosial. Dengan demikian,bagi individu yang besar di budaya kolektif hubungan baik dengan orang-orang yang signifikan, seperti di Indonesia, akan mempengaruhi kebahagiaannya. Penelitian ini memiliki tiga tujuan yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang membuat individubahagia, orang-orang yang mendukung kebahagiaan individu, dan orang-orang yang kepada mereka individu akan berbagi kebahagiaan. Responden penelitian adalah411 orang mahasiswa dari berbagai universitas di Pekanbaru.. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa memiliki relasi positif (49,7%), mendapatkan apreasiasi (23,9%), menikmati waktu luang (22,4%), dan melakukan aktifitas religius (2,8%) merupakan faktor utama bagi kebahagiaan individu di dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Orang-orang yang mendukung dan membuat individu merasa bahagia adalah keluarga (66,8%), teman-teman (20,6%), dan orang-orang spesial (12,3%). Sementara itu, individu berbagikebahagiaan pada sahabat (47,5%), keluarga (31,9%), and pacar (14,1%). Ketiga hasil ini memperkuat gagasan bahwa hubungan dengan orang-orang yang signifikan memiliki kontribusi penting bagi kebahagiaan individu, khususnya remaja

Prognostic factors for esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma-A Population-Based study in Golestan province, Iran, a high incidence area

Golestan Province in northern Iran is an area with a high incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). We aimed to investigate prognostic factors for ESCC and survival of cases in Golestan, on which little data were available. We followed-up 426 ESCC cases participating in a population-based case-control study. Data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Cox proportional hazard models. Median survival was 7 months. Age at diagnosis was inversely associated with survival, but the association was disappeared with adjustment for treatment. Residing in urban areas (hazard ratio, HR = 0.70; 95 CI 0.54-0.90) and being of non-Turkmen ethnic groups (HR = 0.76; 95 CI 0.61-0.96) were associated with better prognosis. In contrast to other types of tobacco use, nass (a smokeless tobacco product) chewing was associated with a slightly poorer prognosis even in models adjusted for other factors including stage of disease and treatment (HR = 1.38; 95 CI 0.99-1.92). Opium use was associated with poorer prognosis in crude analyses but not in adjusted models. Almost all of potentially curative treatments were associated with longer survival. Prognosis of ESCC in Golestan is very poor. Easier access to treatment facilities may improve the prognosis of ESCC in Golestan. The observed association between nass chewing and poorer prognosis needs further investigations; this association may suggest a possible role for ingestion of nass constituents in prognosis of ESCC. © 2011 Aghcheli et al