Supplemental Material - Re-dosing del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: Perfusion characteristics and outcomes

Supplemental Material for Re-dosing del Nido cardioplegia in adult cardiac surgery: Perfusion characteristics and outcomes by Alexander P Kossar, Samantha Nemeth, Yaagnik D Kosuri, Brigitte E Kazzi, Emily Honzel, Alex D’Angelo, Jessica Spellman, Koji Takeda, Hiroo Takayama, Vinayak Bapat, Michael Argenziano, James Beck, Craig R Smith, Paul Kurlansky and Isaac George in Perfusion.</p

A?a? (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) modulates oxidative stress resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans by direct and indirect mechanisms.

A?a? (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) has recently emerged as a promising source of natural antioxidants. Despite its claimed pharmacological and nutraceutical value, studies regarding the effects of a?a? in vivo are limited. In this study, we use the Caenorhabditis elegans model to evaluate the in vivo antioxidant properties of a?a? on an organismal level and to examine its mechanism of action. Supplementation with ac?a?? aqueous extract (AAE) increased both oxidative and osmotic stress resistance independently of any effect on reproduction and development. AAE suppressed bacterial growth, but this antimicrobial property did not influence stress resistance. AAE-increased stress resistance was correlated with reduced ROS production, the prevention of sulfhydryl (SH) level reduction and gcs-1 activation under oxidative stress conditions. Our mechanistic studies indicated that AAE promotes oxidative stress resistance by acting through DAF-16 and the osmotic stress response pathway OSR-1/UNC-43/SEK-1. Finally, AAE increased polyglutamine protein aggregation and decreased proteasome activity. Our findings suggest that natural compounds available in AAE can improve the antioxidant status of a whole organism under certain conditions by direct and indirect mechanisms