30 days wild: development and evaluation of a large-scale nature engagement campaign to improve well-being

There is a need to increase people’s engagement with and connection to nature, both for human well-being and the conservation of nature itself. In order to suggest ways for people to engage with nature and create a wider social context to normalise nature engagement, The Wildlife Trusts developed a mass engagement campaign, 30 Days Wild. The campaign asked people to engage with nature every day for a month. 12,400 people signed up for 30 Days Wild via an online sign-up with an estimated 18,500 taking part overall, resulting in an estimated 300,000 engagements with nature by participants. Samples of those taking part were found to have sustained increases in happiness, health, connection to nature and pro-nature behaviours. With the improvement in health being predicted by the improvement in happiness, this relationship was mediated by the change in connection to nature

The Implementation of Euro Emission Standards for Vehicles and Observed Trends on NOx Air Pollution Patterns in 3 European Cities

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

New giant carnivorous dinosaur reveals convergent evolutionary trends in theropod arm reduction

Giant carnivorous dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex and abelisaurids are characterized by highly reduced forelimbs that stand in contrast to their huge dimensions, massive skulls, and obligate bipedalism.1,2 Another group that follows this pattern, yet is still poorly known, is the Carcharodontosauridae: dominant predators that inhabited most continents during the Early Cretaceous3–5 and reached their largest sizes in Aptian-Cenomanian times.6–10 Despite many discoveries over the last three decades, aspects of their anatomy, especially with regard to the skull, forearm, and feet, remain poorly known. Here we report a new carcharodontosaurid, Meraxes gigas, gen. et sp. nov., based on a specimen recovered from the Upper Cretaceous Huincul Formation of northern Patagonia, Argentina. Phylogenetic analysis places Meraxes among derived Carcharodontosauridae, in a clade with other massive South American species. Meraxes preserves novel anatomical information for derived carcharodontosaurids, including an almost complete forelimb that provides evidence for convergent allometric trends in forelimb reduction among three lineages of large-bodied, megapredatory non-avian theropods, including a remarkable degree of parallelism between the latest-diverging tyrannosaurids and carcharodontosaurids. This trend, coupled with a likely lower bound on forelimb reduction, hypothesized to be about 0.4 forelimb/femur length, combined to produce this short-armed pattern in theropods. The almost complete cranium of Meraxes permits new estimates of skull length in Giganotosaurus, which is among the longest for theropods. Meraxes also provides further evidence that carchardontosaurids reached peak diversity shortly before their extinction with high rates of trait evolution in facial ornamentation possibly linked to a social signaling role.Fil: Canale, Juan Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Villa El Chocón. Museo Paleontológico "Ernesto Bachmann"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Apesteguía, Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Fundación de Historia Natural Félix de Azara; ArgentinaFil: Gallina, Pablo Ariel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Maimónides. Área de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Biotecnológicas. Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Biotecnológicos, Ambientales y Diagnóstico. Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Antropológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mitchell, Jonathan. West Virginia University Institute Of Technology; Estados UnidosFil: Smith, Nathan D.. Natural History Museum Of Los Angeles County; Estados UnidosFil: Cullen, Thomas. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unidos. Carleton University; CanadáFil: Shinya, Akiko. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados UnidosFil: Haluza, Alejandro. Provincia del Neuquén. Municipalidad de Villa El Chocón. Museo Paleontológico "Ernesto Bachmann"; ArgentinaFil: Gianechini, Federico Abel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Biológicas de San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Makovicky, Peter J.. University of Minnesota; Estados Unidos. Field Museum Of Natural History; Estados Unido