50 research outputs found
Ethnicity and religion : redefining the research agenda
This article maps some of the effects when ethnicity and religion overlap. Sometimes one category, with its related values and solidarity, is prioritised; this is expressed in the common view that religion is subsumed in ethnicity, and religious labels become markers of ethnic groups. Sometimes the effects are additive, each source of distinction and group solidarity strengthening the other. Sometimes there are interactive effects, with dynamic and emergent properties producing a more complex field of relationship. After tracing examples and arguing against a reductive approach, three avenues for future research are highlighted. First, mapping patterns of interrelation of ethnicity and religion in cultural distinction-making and group formation, showing the conditions and effects of each. Second, looking at the longer term historical, state and geo-political conditions for change in these relations. Third, reframing theories and concepts so better to grasp the range of ways religion and ethnicity function in social practice.Not applicableIrish Research Council for the Humanities
and Social Sciences (IRCHSS)Embargo until Sept 2011. Link to publisher version - http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~content=a919781257. DG 15/07/2010
ti, sp - TS 29/07/10
MD done - OR 18/8/1
Space–time clusters for early detection of grizzly bear predation
Accurate detection and classification of predation events is important to determine
predation and consumption rates by predators. However, obtaining this information
for large predators is constrained by the speed at which carcasses disappear and the
cost of field data collection. To accurately detect predation events, researchers have
used GPS collar technology combined with targeted site visits. However, kill sites are
often investigated well after the predation event due to limited data retrieval options
on GPS collars (VHF or UHF downloading) and to ensure crew safety when working
with large predators. This can lead to missing information from small-prey
(including
young ungulates) kill sites due to scavenging and general site deterioration (e.g., vegetation
growth). We used a space–time permutation scan statistic (STPSS) clustering
method (SaTScan) to detect predation events of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) fitted with
satellite transmitting GPS collars. We used generalized linear mixed models to verify
predation events and the size of carcasses using spatiotemporal characteristics as predictors.
STPSS uses a probability model to compare expected cluster size (space and
time) with the observed size. We applied this method retrospectively to data from
2006 to 2007 to compare our method to random GPS site selection. In 2013–2014,
we applied our detection method to visit sites one week after their occupation. Both
datasets were collected in the same study area. Our approach detected 23 of 27 predation
sites verified by visiting 464 random grizzly bear locations in 2006–2007, 187
of which were within space–time clusters and 277 outside. Predation site detection
increased by 2.75 times (54 predation events of 335 visited clusters) using 2013–2014
data. Our GLMMs showed that cluster size and duration predicted predation events
and carcass size with high sensitivity (0.72 and 0.94, respectively). Coupling GPS satellite
technology with clusters using a program based on space–time probability models
allows for prompt visits to predation sites. This enables accurate identification of the
carcass size and increases fieldwork efficiency in predation studies