COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MICROALBUMINURIA AND GLYCATED HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC COMPLICATIONS

ABSTRACTObjective: Microalbuminuria occurs when the kidney leaks a small amount of albumin into the urine or when there is an abnormally high permeabilityfor albumin in the renal glomerulus. Microalbuminuria is a powerful risk factor of cardiovascular disease and for the presence and severity of diabeticretinopathy and neuropathy. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of microalbumin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in Type 2 diabeticcomplications.Methods: The study includes 100 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting the diabetic out-patient department patients with complications,such as hypertension, retinopathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular complication, was diagnosed based on history and clinical examination and relatedinvestigations. Microalbuminuria levels and HbA1c levels are compared in patients with complications (subjects) of Type 2 diabetes mellitus andpatients without complications.Results: The study revealed that microalbumin levels are at a significantly higher range with high HbA1c levels in patients with complications(p<0.05). When compared to patients without complications.Conclusion: The study supports that strict glycemic control can prevent microalbuminuria and thereby prevent progress on to diabetic nephropathyin patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Microalbuminuria, Glycated hemoglobin, Diabetic complication

Palladium nanocatalysts encapsulated on porous silica @ magnetic carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles for sustainable hydrogenations of nitroarenes, alkenes and alkynes

Palladium nanoparticles were impregnated on porous silica shell carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticles, resulting in a magnetically retrievable material that was evaluated in the catalytic hydrogenation of nitroarenes, alkenes and alkynes. The prepared material was characterized by HR-XRD, HR-TEM, elemental mapping EDX, ICP-OES and XPS analyses, revealing highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles within the porous platform that could account for the high activity observed. Mild reaction conditions, easy retrievability of the catalyst with the aid of an external magnet, recycling in four runs with a total leaching of 19 ppm (1.2 % of the initially employed Pd amount), and high stability makes this material attractive for sustainable and environmentally benign applications

Evaluation of Power Quality Issues in grid Connected PV Systems

This paper deals with the evaluation of power quality issues in grid connected PV systems. This paper also presents  complete simulation, modeling and control of three phase grid connected solar PV module with Maximum Power Point Tracking. Perturb and Observe (P&O) method has been used for Maximum Power Point Tracking. In the proposed model DC bus voltage control , harmonic mitigation and power factor control are discussed as power quality issues. The simulation results are shown in the graphical waveforms and simulation is performed in MATLAB using SIMULINK environment and PSB toolboxes.

NFATc2 Modulates Microglial Activation in the AβPP/PS1 Mouse Model of Alzheimer\u27s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains are characterized by fibrillar amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide containing plaques and associated reactive microglia. The proinflammatory phenotype of the microglia suggests that they may negatively affect disease course and contribute to behavioral decline. This hypothesis predicts that attenuating microglial activation may provide benefit against disease. Prior work from our laboratory and others has characterized a role for the transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), in regulating microglial phenotype in response to different stimuli, including Aβ peptide. We observed that the NFATc2 isoform was the most highly expressed in murine microglia cultures, and inhibition or deletion of NFATc2 was sufficient to attenuate the ability of the microglia to secrete cytokines. In order to determine whether the NFATc2 isoform, in particular, was a valid immunomodulatory target in vivo, we crossed an NFATc2–/– line to a well-known AD mouse model, an AβPP/PS1 mouse line. As expected, the AβPP/PS1 x NFATc2–/– mice had attenuated cytokine levels compared to AβPP/PS1 mice as well as reduced microgliosis and astrogliosis with no effect on plaque load. Although some species differences in relative isoform expression may exist between murine and human microglia, it appears that microglial NFAT activity is a viable target for modulating the proinflammatory changes that occur during AD

Dielectric properties of lead zirconatetitanate

204-207Ferroelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films deposited on metal foil substrates are suitable for developing a wide range of applications. PZT were prepared by mixed oxide method at 1100°C. Crystalline nature of the synthesized PZT has been confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction studies. Dielectric measurement shows that decrease in dielectric constant with increase in temperature. The dielectric loss was found to be very small and decreasing with frequency, also above 300°C. The increase of dielectric constant observed at high temperatures and low frequencies in the paraelectric state are explained

Structure and function of an insect α-carboxylesterase (α Esterase 7) associated with insecticide resistance

Insect carboxylesterases from the αEsterase gene cluster, such as αE7 (also known as E3) from the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina (LcαE7), play an important physiological role in lipid metabolism and are implicated in the detoxification of or