20 research outputs found

    Dynamique des populations et mosaĂŻque forestiĂšre en hĂȘtraie-sapiniĂšre naturelle prĂ©servĂ©e. une comparaison entre Vosges et Carpates

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    A comparison of population dynamics and forest architecture has been carried in two well preserved beech-fir forests of Europe, in the Carpates and in the Vosges. The two reserves present marked differences in climate, soils and local environment. We show that beech dominates all the strata. In a situation of valley bottom (Carpates), its shady canopy explains growth patterns of understorey. Beech and fir present alternating phases of suppression and re-growth. Seedlings and saplings grow preferentially at the edges of adult canopies and in gaps. In the Vosges, slope induces imbricated crowns, and lateral light inputs are higher than in the Carpates. However regeneration is less dense because of less favourable soils and climate, and located preferentially in the neighbourhood of gaps. Both forests present a fine-grained architecture of eco-units, which increase resistance to disturbancesUne recherche comparative de sylvigĂ©nĂšse en hĂȘtraie-sapiniĂšre a Ă©tĂ© entreprise dans deux rĂ©serves forestiĂšres intĂ©grales, prĂ©sentant des diffĂ©rences Ă©cologiques marquĂ©es dans les Hautes Vosges et les Carpates orientales. Les donnĂ©es recueillies concernent la structure des populations de ligneux (hĂȘtre, sapin, Ă©picĂ©a, Ă©rable sycomore) et l'organisation architecturale des mosaiques forestiĂšres, par deux profils architecturaux, qui illustrent un aspect des situations sylvigĂ©nĂ©tiques rencontrĂ©es dans ces forĂȘts de montagnes. Les principaux rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que le hĂȘtre domine les strates des deux forĂȘts. En situation de fond de vallon (Carpates), l'ombrage qui rĂ©sulte d'une canopĂ©e dense impose aux arbustes dominĂ©s (jeunes hĂȘtres, mais surtout sapins) une croissance en palier parfois trĂšs longue, qui explique les situations prĂ©fĂ©rentielles des semis en bordure des Ă©co-unitĂ©s matures ou dans les trouĂ©es. En situation de pente (Vosges), l'architecture en pile d'assiette des dominants, qui rĂ©sulte de l'importance des apports lumineux latĂ©raux, raccourcit cette attente. Mais les conditions plus rudes rencontrĂ©es dans cette rĂ©serve diminuent les densitĂ©s Ă  tous les Ă©tages. L'architecture des deux rĂ©serves montre une mosaĂŻque fine d'Ă©co-unitĂ©s Ă  diffĂ©rentes hauteurs, composĂ©es de plusieurs espĂšces ligneuses atteignant parfois des dimensions impressionnantes. L'ensemble est trĂšs stable, en dĂ©pit des alĂ©as climatiques

    Variation in Soil Respiration across Soil and Vegetation Types in an Alpine Valley.

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    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Soils of mountain regions and their associated plant communities are highly diverse over short spatial scales due to the heterogeneity of geological substrates and highly dynamic geomorphic processes. The consequences of this heterogeneity for biogeochemical transfers, however, remain poorly documented. The objective of this study was to quantify the variability of soil-surface carbon dioxide efflux, known as soil respiration (Rs), across soil and vegetation types in an Alpine valley. To this aim, we measured Rs rates during the peak and late growing season (July-October) in 48 plots located in pastoral areas of a small valley of the Swiss Alps. FINDINGS: Four herbaceous vegetation types were identified, three corresponding to different stages of primary succession (Petasition paradoxi in pioneer conditions, Seslerion in more advanced stages and Poion alpinae replacing the climactic forests), as well as one (Rumicion alpinae) corresponding to eutrophic grasslands in intensively grazed areas. Soils were developed on calcareous alluvial and colluvial fan deposits and were classified into six types including three Fluvisols grades and three Cambisols grades. Plant and soil types had a high level of co-occurrence. The strongest predictor of Rs was soil temperature, yet we detected additional explanatory power of sampling month, showing that temporal variation was not entirely reducible to variations in temperature. Vegetation and soil types were also major determinants of Rs. During the warmest month (August), Rs rates varied by over a factor three between soil and vegetation types, ranging from 2.5 ÎŒmol m-2 s-1 in pioneer environments (Petasition on Very Young Fluvisols) to 8.5 ÎŒmol m-2 s-1 in differentiated soils supporting nitrophilous species (Rumicion on Calcaric Cambisols). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study provides quantitative estimates of spatial and temporal variability in Rs in the mountain environment, and demonstrates that estimations of soil carbon efflux at the watershed scale in complex geomorphic terrain have to account for soil and vegetation heterogeneity

    Dynamique des populations et mosaĂŻque forestiĂšre en hĂȘtraie-sapiniĂšre naturelle prĂ©servĂ©e. Une comparaison entre Vosges et Carpates

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    A comparison of population dynamics and forest architecture has been carried in two well preserved beech-fir forests of Europe, in the Carpates and in the Vosges. The two reserves present marked differences in climate, soils and local environment. We show that beech dominates all the strata. In a situation of valley bottom (Carpates), its shady canopy explains growth patterns of understorey. Beech and fir present alternating phases of suppression and re-growth. Seedlings and saplings grow preferentially at the edges of adult canopies and in gaps. In the Vosges, slope induces imbricated crowns, and lateral light inputs are higher than in the Carpates. However regeneration is less dense because of less favourable soils and climate, and located preferentially in the neighbourhood of gaps. Both forests present a fine-grained architecture of eco-units, which increase resistance to disturbances.Une recherche comparative de sylvigĂ©nĂšse en hĂȘtraie-sapiniĂšre a Ă©tĂ© entreprise dans deux rĂ©serves forestiĂšres intĂ©grales, prĂ©sentant des diffĂ©rences Ă©cologiques marquĂ©es dans les Hautes Vosges et les Carpates orientales. Les donnĂ©es recueillies concernent la structure des populations de ligneux (hĂȘtre, sapin, Ă©picĂ©a, Ă©rable sycomore) et l’organisation architecturale des mosaiques forestiĂšres, par deux profils architecturaux, qui illustrent un aspect des situations sylvigĂ©nĂ©tiques rencontrĂ©es dans ces forĂȘts de montagnes. Les principaux rĂ©sultats dĂ©montrent que le hĂȘtre domine les strates des deux forĂȘts. En situation de fond de vallon (Carpates), l’ombrage qui rĂ©sulte d’une canopĂ©e dense impose aux arbustes dominĂ©s (jeunes hĂȘtres, mais surtout sapins) une croissance en palier parfois trĂšs longue, qui explique les situations prĂ©fĂ©rentielles des semis en bordure des Ă©co-unitĂ©s matures ou dans les trouĂ©es. En situation de pente (Vosges), l’architecture en pile d’assiette des dominants, qui rĂ©sulte de l’importance des apports lumineux latĂ©raux, raccourcit cette attente. Mais les conditions plus rudes rencontrĂ©es dans cette rĂ©serve diminuent les densitĂ©s Ă  tous les Ă©tages. L’architecture des deux rĂ©serves montre une mosaĂŻque fine d’ Ă©co-unitĂ©s Ă  diffĂ©rentes hauteurs, composĂ©es de plusieurs espĂšces ligneuses atteignant parfois des dimensions impressionnantes. L’ensemble est trĂšs stable, en dĂ©pit des alĂ©as climatiques.Schnitzler A., Closset-Kopp Deborah, Gafta D., Cristea Victoria, Schwoehrer C. Dynamique des populations et mosaĂŻque forestiĂšre en hĂȘtraie-sapiniĂšre naturelle prĂ©servĂ©e. Une comparaison entre Vosges et Carpates . In: Revue d'Écologie (La Terre et La Vie), tome 59, n°1-2, 2004. pp. 213-228

    Natura 2000 in Romania: Habitat fact-sheets

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    Ricerche ecologiche nelle riserve della Foresta Umbra (Gargano).

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    Si descrivono le ricerche ecologiche botaniche condotte nelle riserve della Foresta Umbra (Gargano) nelle Riserve Pavari e Falascon
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