Metamer Mismatch Volumes of Flat Grey

Metamer mismatching refers to the fact that two objects reflecting light causing identical colour signals (i.e., cone response or XYZ) under one illumination may reflect light causing nonidentical colour signals under a second illumination. As a consequence of metamer mismatching, two objects appearing the same under the first illuminant can be expected to appear different under the second illuminant. Metamers of the flat grey reflectance (i.e., 50% across the visible spectrum) are of particular interest since they show the potential seriousness of metamer mismatching. Metamer mismatching of flat grey is very significant for some lights and includes the possibility of 20 objects having the same colour signal as flat grey under red light dispersing into a whole hue circle under a neutral (“white”) light. Flat grey under LED illumination is also shown to have a significant metamer mismatch volume when the light is changed to D65

The Extent of Metamer Mismatching

Metamer mismatching refers to the fact that two objects reflecting light causing identical colour signals (i.e., cone response or XYZ) under one illunimation may reflect light causing non-identical colour signals under a second illumination_ As a consequence of metamer mismatching, two objects appearing the same under one illuminant can be expected to appear different under the second illunimant. To investigate the potential extent of metamer mismatching, we calculated the metamer mismatching effect for 20 Munsell papers and 8 pairs of illunimants (Logvinenko & Tokunaga, 20 11) using the recent method (Logvinenko, Funt, & Godau, 2012) of computing the exact metan2er mismatch volume boundary. The results show that metamer mismatching is very significant for some lights. In fact, metamer mismatching was found to be so significant that it can lead to the prediction of some paradoxical phenomena, such as the possibility of 20 objects having the same colour under a neutral ("white") light dispersing into a whole hue circle of colours under a red light, and vice versa

Object Recognition and Pose Estimation across Illumination Changes

In this paper, we present a new algorithm for color-based object recognition that detects objects and estimates their pose (position and orientation) in cluttered scenes observed under uncontrolled illumination conditions. As with so many other color-based object-recognition algorithms, color histograms are also fundamental to our approach; however, we use histograms obtained from overlapping subwindows, rather than the entire image. Furthermore, each local histogram is normalized using greyworld normalization in order to be as less sensitive to illumination as possible. An object from a database of prototype objects is identified and located in an input image by matching the subwindow contents. The prototype is detected in the input whenever many good histogram matches are found between the subwindows of the input image and those of the prototype. In essence, normalized color histograms of subwindows are the local features being matched. Once an object has been recognized, its 2D pose is found by approximating the geometrical transformation most consistently mapping the locations of prototype’s subwindows to their matched subwindow locations in the input image

Leveraging existing data sets to generate new insights into Alzheimer’s disease biology in specific patient subsets

To generate new insights into the biology of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), we developed methods to combine and reuse a wide variety of existing data sets in new ways. We first identified genes consistently associated with AD in each of four separate expression studies, and confirmed this result using a fifth study. We next developed algorithms to search hundreds of thousands of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data sets, identifying a link between an AD-associated gene (NEUROD6) and gender. We therefore stratified patients by gender along with APOE4 status, and analyzed multiple SNP data sets to identify variants associated with AD. SNPs in either the region of NEUROD6 or SNAP25 were significantly associated with AD, in APOE4+ females and APOE4+ males, respectively. We developed algorithms to search Connectivity Map (CMAP) data for medicines that modulate AD-associated genes, identifying hypotheses that warrant further investigation for treating specific AD patient subsets. In contrast to other methods, this approach focused on integrating multiple gene expression datasets across platforms in order to achieve a robust intersection of disease-affected genes, and then leveraging these results in combination with genetic studies in order to prioritize potential genes for targeted therapy

Synthesis of Acoustic Timbres using Principal Component Analysis

We have developed an alternate method of representing harmonic amplitude envelopes of musical instrument sounds using principal component analysis. Statistical analysis reveals considerable correlation between the harmonic amplitude values at different time positions in the envelopes. This correlation is exploited in order to reduce the dimensionality of envelope specification. It was found that two or three parameters provide a reasonable approximation to the different harmonic envelope curves present in musical instrument sounds. T he representation is suited for the development of high-level control mechanisms for manipulating the timbre of resynthesized harmonic sounds

Fruit crops, 1980: a summary of research

Performance of selected apple cultivars on semi-standard rootstocks in southern Ohio / David C. Ferree, Donald A. Chandler, and John C. Schmid -- Influence of summer pruning and alar on growth, flowering, and fruit set of Jerseymac apple trees / D. C. Ferree and E. J. Stang -- Influence of promalin on Delicious in Ohio / D. C. Ferree, E. J. Stang and R. C. Funt -- The effects of overtree misting for bloom delay on soil water status, net photosynthesis, transpiration, and carbohydrate levels of apple trees / R. M. Crassweller and D. C. Ferree -- Effect of orchard heaters on vertical temperature profiles / R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, and D. C. Ferree -- The effect of orchard heaters on air movement and temperature / R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, and D. C. Ferree -- Organotins and mite control on apples in Ohio / Franklin R. Hall -- Model of the air sprayer / R. D. Fox, R. D. Brazee, D. L. Reichard and F. R. Hall -- Effects of application equipment variables on spray deposition by orchard air sprayers / D. L. Reichard, F. R. Hall and H. R. Krueger -- Fungi associated with moldy-core of apple and their location within fruit / Michael A. Ellis -- Nutrient content of twelve french and american hybrid grape cultivars grown under a wide range of soil conditions / Garth A. Cahoo

Fruit crops 1990: a summary of research

Orchard temperature profiles in spring frost conditions / R. D. Brazee, R. D. Fox and D. C. Ferree -- Orchard sprayers: how much spray moves out of the orchard? / R. D. Fox, D. L. Reichard, R. D. Brazee, and F. R. Hall -- Influence of pruning treatments on mature spur-bound 'Starkrimson Delicious' apple trees / D. C. Ferree, J. C. Schmid, J. R. Schupp and I. J. Warrington -- The winter of 1983-84: a test winter for Ohio's fruit crops / C. K. Chandler and D. C. Ferree -- Performance of apple roostock, cultivars and cultural treatments under the stress of the 1988 drought / D. C. Ferree and J. C. Schmid -- Performance of a spur and standard Delicious strain in a slender spindle system / D. C. Ferree and J. C. Schmid -- Survey of Ohio strawberry growers: present practice and future directions / J. C. Scheerens and G. L. Brenneman -- Orchard crop loss assessments: a precondition for improved crop protection decisions / F. R. Hall -- Evaluation of compounds for control of foliar grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch) in Ohio / M. J. McLeod and R. N. Williams -- Marketing Ohio Strawberries / W. T. Rhodus and R. C. Fun