6 research outputs found
The relationship between Church and State in the French legal system
Π£ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1901. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1907. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅; ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°). ΠΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°: βΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌβ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π», ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Π¦ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. ΠΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π’Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈ.
Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌa Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠ° laΓ―citΓ© ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅.In the French legal system there are several forms of the associations that are relevant for the legal status of churches and religious communities (religious associations under the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905; ordinary associations under the Law which treats the agreement of associations of 1901 which may perform religious ceremonies under the Law of 1907, ordinary associations which have no religion aims but are engaged in the Church in the field of education and culture; special regime of diocese). The exception of the principle of separation of church and state is represented by two legal systems: β the Concordat regimeβ which is maintained in the departments of Alsace and Moselle, and the legal system of the overseas territories.
The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the research and explanation of the crucial moments in the historical evolution of the juridical framework of the βFrench modelβ of strict separation of state and church. The basis of this model is the idea of laicity and its specific French expression-concept laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. This essential feature of the βFrench modelβ is the result of the connection between the evolution of the juridical framework of the relationship between state and church, with the process of laicisation. This process is the product of strong social changes starting with the Great French Revolution. The process of laicisation had a decisive influence on passing the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905, which is still in force nowadays.
The methodological approach applied in the thesis is complex. Π’he use of normative and dogmatic methods reveal the characteristics of the juridical system of the religious structure in French society. Juridical history clears up the historical circumstances which had an effect on the creation of this juridical system. Comparative juridical tradition establishes and explains similarities and differences between the βFrench modelβ of the strict separation of state and church, on the one hand, and the system of established church and the system of the cooperative separation of church and state, on the other hand. In accordance with the ecclesiastical law those models are the basic models in the relationships between church and state in Europe
The relationship between Church and State in the French legal system
Π£ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1901. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1907. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅; ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°). ΠΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°: βΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌβ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π», ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Π¦ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. ΠΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π’Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈ.
Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌa Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠ° laΓ―citΓ© ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅.In the French legal system there are several forms of the associations that are relevant for the legal status of churches and religious communities (religious associations under the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905; ordinary associations under the Law which treats the agreement of associations of 1901 which may perform religious ceremonies under the Law of 1907, ordinary associations which have no religion aims but are engaged in the Church in the field of education and culture; special regime of diocese). The exception of the principle of separation of church and state is represented by two legal systems: β the Concordat regimeβ which is maintained in the departments of Alsace and Moselle, and the legal system of the overseas territories.
The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the research and explanation of the crucial moments in the historical evolution of the juridical framework of the βFrench modelβ of strict separation of state and church. The basis of this model is the idea of laicity and its specific French expression-concept laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. This essential feature of the βFrench modelβ is the result of the connection between the evolution of the juridical framework of the relationship between state and church, with the process of laicisation. This process is the product of strong social changes starting with the Great French Revolution. The process of laicisation had a decisive influence on passing the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905, which is still in force nowadays.
The methodological approach applied in the thesis is complex. Π’he use of normative and dogmatic methods reveal the characteristics of the juridical system of the religious structure in French society. Juridical history clears up the historical circumstances which had an effect on the creation of this juridical system. Comparative juridical tradition establishes and explains similarities and differences between the βFrench modelβ of the strict separation of state and church, on the one hand, and the system of established church and the system of the cooperative separation of church and state, on the other hand. In accordance with the ecclesiastical law those models are the basic models in the relationships between church and state in Europe
The relationship between Church and State in the French legal system
Π£ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡ Π€ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ° (Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1901. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎ Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ³Ρ Π΄Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΈΠ· 1907. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅; ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½Π΅ ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π²Π΅, Π°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ΅; ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π±Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π·Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ°). ΠΠ·ΡΠ·Π΅ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ°: βΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌβ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΆΠ°ΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ° ΠΠ»Π·Π°Ρ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ·Π΅Π», ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Π¦ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠΎΡΡΠΊΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ° Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅. ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π·-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡ laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. ΠΠ²Π° ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅Π·Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅. Π’Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΄Π°Π½ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈΠ· 1905. Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠ½Π°Π·ΠΈ.
Π£ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ°ΠΊ. ΠΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ³ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠ³ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»Π΅ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°. Π£ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ βΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°β ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅, ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌa Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π½Π΅ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ° Π΄ΡΡΠ³Π΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅. ΠΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎ ΡΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ° Π΄ΡΠΆΠ°Π²Π΅ ΠΈ Π¦ΡΠΊΠ²Π΅ Ρ ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΠΏΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΡΠ²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΌΠ° laΓ―citΓ© ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ° Π»Π°ΠΈΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅.In the French legal system there are several forms of the associations that are relevant for the legal status of churches and religious communities (religious associations under the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905; ordinary associations under the Law which treats the agreement of associations of 1901 which may perform religious ceremonies under the Law of 1907, ordinary associations which have no religion aims but are engaged in the Church in the field of education and culture; special regime of diocese). The exception of the principle of separation of church and state is represented by two legal systems: β the Concordat regimeβ which is maintained in the departments of Alsace and Moselle, and the legal system of the overseas territories.
The purpose of this doctoral thesis is the research and explanation of the crucial moments in the historical evolution of the juridical framework of the βFrench modelβ of strict separation of state and church. The basis of this model is the idea of laicity and its specific French expression-concept laΓ―citΓ© Γ la franΓ§aise. This essential feature of the βFrench modelβ is the result of the connection between the evolution of the juridical framework of the relationship between state and church, with the process of laicisation. This process is the product of strong social changes starting with the Great French Revolution. The process of laicisation had a decisive influence on passing the Law on the Separation of the Churches and the State of 1905, which is still in force nowadays.
The methodological approach applied in the thesis is complex. Π’he use of normative and dogmatic methods reveal the characteristics of the juridical system of the religious structure in French society. Juridical history clears up the historical circumstances which had an effect on the creation of this juridical system. Comparative juridical tradition establishes and explains similarities and differences between the βFrench modelβ of the strict separation of state and church, on the one hand, and the system of established church and the system of the cooperative separation of church and state, on the other hand. In accordance with the ecclesiastical law those models are the basic models in the relationships between church and state in Europe