The Effect of Melatonin Upon Post-Acute Withdrawal Among Males in a Residential Treatment Program (M-Paws): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial

The study goal was to assess melatonin as an adjuvant treatment along with current pharmaco- and behavioral therapy for 28 days on weekly self-reported severity of anxiety, depression, stress, and sleep complaints as well as how sleep is affecting daily life in a sample of males in recovery from chemical dependency at a single, residential treatment site, Salvation Army Harbor Light Center in Pittsburgh, PA. This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial of 28 days. Participants were randomized to melatonin (5 mg) or placebo and instructed to administer the intervention nightly at bedtime. Primary self-reported outcome measures of severity of anxiety, depression, stress, as well as sleep complaints and how sleep is affecting daily life were assessed on a weekly basis with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Personal Health Questionnaire Depression Scale (PHQ-8), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and Pittsburgh Sleep Symptom Questionnaire – Insomnia (PSSQ-1). Secondary outcome measures were to acquire participant histories, determine adherence as well as adverse events. Seventy participants (age 21 – 65, mean 40.4 ± 11 years) were enrolled with 24 completing the study in each group. Demographically, the sample consisted of those who identified as white (70%), single (74.3%), and with an education level of high school/G.E.D. or less (77.1%). Intention-to-treat analysis for all outcome measures revealed statistically significant within-groups differences over time for both groups. The study failed to demonstrate statistically between-group differences for these measures. Also, complete case analysis for each week revealed no between-group differences. Additionally, the change from Baseline and Day 28 as determined by a response of an improvement of 50% or higher in scores for each scale revealed no significant strength of association between the groups when considering worst case for the loss to follow-up. Melatonin appeared to be well tolerated with similar adverse events reported as placebo; however, there was a tendency to report more vivid dreams/nightmares as well as next day tiredness/grogginess/sleepiness. Clinical investigations into the use of melatonin as a treatment for depression, anxiety, stress, and sleep difficulties in those recovering from illicit and non-illicit drug dependency are limited and larger studies are warranted. Possible future directions include a study design that is multicenter, the inclusion of a therapy only arm, assessing various doses and timelines, assessing effects in adolescents or females, or limiting inclusion based on prescribed medications, mental health status, medical conditions, prior melatonin use, and/or a specific chemical dependency. Overall, this is the first and largest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial assessing the effects of melatonin upon post-acute withdrawal among males in a residential treatment program. However, the various analyses indicated insufficient evidence to suggest that melatonin and placebo were significantly different, and it may be concluded, based upon the study sample, design, and its limitations, the effect of melatonin on the assessed measures was no different than placebo. Due to the heterogeneity of the participants as evidenced by the participant histories, there exists a possibility of a Type II error that must be considered and not overlooked

It's the Society, Stupid! Communicating Emergent Climate Technologies in the Internet Age

Emergent or unproven technologies occupy a central role in post-Paris debates about climate change goals and their feasibility. New technologies have often faced major political and social challenges and the way they are communicated is changing as technical experts and scientists play a greater role in communicating directly online. We review the scope and key characteristics of communications on carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies presenting data from a comprehensive survey of websites compiled to assess the state of global CCS communications. Our key empirical finding is that existing communications are techno-centric in their framing, overlooking economic, political and institutional aspects of CCS as a societal arrangement. We also find an overrepresentation of traditionally less trusted actors from business and government (resulting in a pro-CCS bias), rather than by independent academic researchers or NGOs. We offer some recommendations for how CCS and similarly emergent climate technologies might be better communicated in the age of the Internet, not just in terms of their technical features but also in terms of their societal impacts and the role they might play in a wider social and political context

Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Penerimaan Anggota Himpunan Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Informatika dengan Menggunakan Metode Electre (Studi Kasus : Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto YOGYAKARTA)

Himpunan Mahasiswa Jurusan (HMJ) is a student organization in the majors at the college level. HMJ Informatics is one of the HMJ on Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto Yogyakarta. HMJ certainly has a vision and mission, therefore, to realize the vision and mission of the members is required in accordance with the criteria expected. There are several criteria for determining the decision-making division members HMJ. Criteria include interest, liveliness, confidence, psychology and CPI (Cumulative Performance Index). To resolve the issue it was made of Decision Support Systems (DSS) recruitment of HMJ division members using the method Elimination and Choice Expressing Reality (ELECTRE). The existences of these systems provide convenience to head of the HMJ to determine HMJ members. The system is built using the programming language Delphi 7 and Oracle databases. Based on calculations by the ELECTRE method obtained ranking prospective members. Taken example, 4 students applying to become a member of HMJ. Calculation shows Gilar Prakoso get ranked first by the number of assessment 4 percentage 80%, Koko Wiyono second ranked the number 2 percentage 40% assessment, Linda Putri Susanti third the number of ratings 1 percentage 20%, and Dini Larasati fourth the number of assessment - 7 the percentage of 0%. The calculations revealed that the results of the manual calculation in accordance with the results of the calculation system and can help the chairman HMJ decision in determining who is eligible to become a member

Roving vehicle motion control Quarterly report, 1 Mar. - 31 May 1967

System and subsystem requirements for remote control of roving space vehicle motio

Roving vehicle motion control Final report

Roving vehicle motion control for unmanned planetary and lunar exploratio

Spot Survey Leptospirosis dan Reservoar yang Berpotensi Menularkan di Kecamatan Kuwarasan Kabupaten Kebumen Tahun 2017

Jawa Tengah merupakan provinsi endemis leptospirosis, bahkan pada tahun 2015 menduduki peringkat pertama kasus terbanyak di Indonesia. Sebanyak 20 kota/kabupaten di Jawa Tengah rutin melaporkan adanya kasus leptospirosis. Kabupaten Kebumen merupakan salah satu daerah baru yang melaporkan kasus leptospirosis pada tahun 2017. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko penularan serta keberadaan reservoar yang tertangkap dan berpotensi menularkan leptospirosis. Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional dengan desain potong lintang. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Kebumen sedangkan penangkapan reservoar dilakukan di Desa Mangli Kecamatan Kuwarasan berdasarkan pada laporan kasus terakhir. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan Maret 2017 dengan wawancara kasus probable serta penangkapan reservoar menggunakan perangkap hidup (single live trap) sebanyak 150 buah selama 2 malam berturut-turut di lingkungan permukiman dan sekitarnya. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dalam bentuk tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jumlah kasus leptospirosis yang diwawancara sebanyak 9 orang. Sebagian besar kasus leptospirosis (78%) adalah petani/buruh tani dan terkena di sawah pada saat panen. Selain pekerjaan, faktor risiko utama yang berkontribusi yaitu adanya luka terbuka pada kaki, tidak memakai APD pada saat bekerja dan adanya kontak dengan genangan air dalam waktu yang cukup lama. Reservoar yang tertangkap dalam penelitian ini adalah tikus dan cecurut sebanyak 26 ekor dengan species Bandicota indica, Rattus tanezumi, Mus musculus dan Suncus murinus. Hasil pemeriksaan PCR menunjukkan 1 ekor tikus positif bakteri leptosira patogen dan ditemukan pada jarak < 100 meter dengan titik kasus. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi risiko penularan leptospirosis di lokasi tersebut. Perlunya sosialisasi peningkatan kewaspadaan leptospirosis dan tindakan pengendalian reservoar khususnya tikus dan cecurut baik di dalam rumah, sawah maupun lingkungan sekitarnya

Modeling the variability of the Somali Current

The dynamics of the Somali Current system during the southwest Monsoon are investigated using a 16 level general circulation model. Solutions are found for a number of model geometries and wind-forcing patterns. The first integrations reported use a model domain exactly equivalent to that of the layer model of McCreary and Kundu allowing a direct comparison between the level and layer models. In the second set of integrations a more realistic Indian Ocean geometry is used, but still with an idealized wind forcing, while in the third, the Hellerman and Rosenstein wind stresses are used to simulate the seasonal cycle. The main results are that the GCM does not easily produce the cold wedge observed in SST at ∼4N, although a current separation does develop there. A cold wedge can be produced but only if there is cold water quite close to the surface, the SST being sensitive to the vertical temperature profile. The cold wedge at ∼10N forms easily in all integrations. As the water flows offshore it slides beneath the surface giving rise to the impression that it corkscrews its way around the Great Whirl gyre. To the east, northeast, of the Great Whirl, a series of jet filaments develop, associated with strong vertical circulations. In broad outline the GCM and layer model of MK are similar, but the details of the eddy fields and coastal response are quite different. In no cases are there vacillations or gyre interactions comparable to those in the layer model

Hubungan Kondisi Lingkungan Fisik Rumah Dengan Kejadian Pneumonia Pada Balita Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jatibarang Kabupaten Indramayu

Pneumonia still becomes a public health problems that causing pain and death on children, so that towards the older persons. In 2014 found 14.019 cases of Pneumonia that took place in Indramayu. This Pneumonia syndrome mostly happened and even takes a high rank of disease that attacks Jatibarang territory, which found 1.116 cases. The main goals of this observation is to analyze the correlation between house environment physically with the Pneumonia that involved children under five at Puskesmas (Public Health Centre) in Jatibarang Teritory, Indramayu. This observation is using Retrospective Study methode, Case – Control methode. Case group involved 38 respondents, and Control group 38 respondents. Whilst, Data Analysis is using Univariat and Bivariat analysis with Chi Square. And Risk Variable is using Odds Ratio. The result shows from 8 Independent variables analysis there are 2 variables that related to Ventilation Width (p-value= 0,004 OR=9,360) and the existences of chimney (p-value= 0,028 OR=6,429). The conclusion of this observation is there certainly any correlation between Housing Ventilation Width and Chimney towards the Pneumonia that involved the children under five. Hopefully, should be increased behavior to open ventilation which are home that the exchange of air circulation

Electrostatics of ions inside the nanopores and trans-membrane channels

A model of a finite cylindrical ion channel through a phospholipid membrane of width $L$ separating two electrolyte reservoirs is studied. Analytical solution of the Poisson equation is obtained for an arbitrary distribution of ions inside the trans-membrane pore. The solution is asymptotically exact in the limit of large ionic strength of electrolyte on the two sides of membrane. However, even for physiological concentrations of electrolyte, the electrostatic barrier sizes found using the theory are in excellent agreement with the numerical solution of the Poisson equation. The analytical solution is used to calculate the electrostatic potential energy profiles for pores containing charged protein residues. Availability of a semi-exact interionic potential should greatly facilitate the study of ionic transport through nanopores and ion channels

A Comparison and Benefit Analysis of the Eight-hour and Twelve-Hour Schedule Models for the Highland Village Police Department

Examines twelve and eight hour shifts. Determines that twelve hour shifts optimize staffing