Meẓrag, ameẓreg, ameẓrag, “lance, javelot, protection...”

Voir notice « Amour » (amur), EB, IV, 1987, p. 604-605. Ce mot kabyle, largement attesté dans le Maroc berbère (voir infra), a été rendu célèbre par le surnom de l’un des fils d’El-Mokrani, l’un des chefs de la révolte kabyle de 1871, Ahmed Boumezrag (bu-meẓrag), « l’homme à la lance » (voir notice Mokrani*/At Meqq°ran*). Les premiers descripteurs de la Kabylie soulignent tous l’importance et la fonction de ameẓreg, “la lance”, dans les relations inter-tribales, notamment pour ce qui est de l..

Line shape diagnostics for solid density plasmas produced by ultra intense subpicosecond laser

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/87325/2/158_1.pd

Écriture

Écriture libyque (G. Camps) Le Maghreb et le Sahara possèdent un grand nombre d’inscriptions utilisant une écriture propre au quart nord-ouest de l’Afrique et qui reçut le nom de numidique puis de libyque. Le premier nom est tombé en désuétude ; il pourrait cependant être conservé pour désigner l’une des formes, dite orientale, de cette écriture répandue en Tunisie et dans l’Est de l’Algérie. On peut estimer à quelque mille deux cents les inscriptions libyques publiées jusqu’à ce jour et cons..

X‐ray spectroscopy of hot solid density plasmas produced by subpicosecond high contrast laser pulses at 1018–1019 W/cm2

Analysis is presented of K‐shell spectra obtained from solid density plasmas produced by a high contrast (1010:1) subpicosecond laser pulse (0.5 μm) at 1018–1019 W/cm2. Stark broadening measurements of He‐like and Li‐like lines are used to infer the mean electron density at which emission takes place. The measurements indicate that there is an optimum condition to produce x‐ray emission at solid density for a given isoelectronic sequence, and that the window of optimum conditions to obtain simultaneously the shortest and the brightest x‐ray pulse at a given wavelength is relatively narrow. Lower intensity produces a short x‐ray pulse but low brightness. The x‐ray yield (and also the energy fraction in hot electrons) increases with the laser intensity, but above some laser intensity (1018 W/cm2 for Al) the plasma is overdriven: during the expansion, the plasma is still hot enough to emit, so that emission occurs at lower density and lasts much longer. Energy transport measurements indicate that approximately 6% of the laser energy is coupled to the target at 1018 W/cm2 (1% in thermal electrons with Te≊0.6 keV and 5% in suprathermal electrons with Th≊25 keV). At Iλ2=1018 W μm2/cm2 (no prepulse) around 1010 photons are emitted per laser shot, in 2π srd in cold Kα radiation (2–9 Å, depending on the target material) and up to 2×1011 photons are obtained in 2π srd with the unresolved transition array (UTA) emission from the Ta target. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/69900/2/PHPAEN-2-5-1702-1.pd

Subclinical Thyroid Dysfunction and the Risk of Cognitive Decline: a Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Although both overt hyper- and hypothyroidism are known to lead to cognitive impairment, data on the association between subclinical thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function are conflicting. This study sought to determine the risk of dementia and cognitive decline associated with subclinical thyroid dysfunction among prospective cohorts. We searched in MEDLINE and EMBASE from inception until November 2014. Two physicians identified prospective cohorts that assessed thyroid function and cognitive outcomes (dementia; Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Data were extracted by one reviewer following standardized protocols and verified by a second reviewer. The primary outcome was dementia and decline in cognitive function was the secondary outcome. Eleven prospective cohorts followed 16,805 participants during a median followup of 44.4 months. Five studies analyzed the risk of dementia in subclinical hyperthyroidism (SHyper) (n = 6410), six in subclinical hypothyroidism (SHypo) (n = 7401). Five studies analyzed MMSE decline in SHyper (n = 7895), seven in SHypo (n = 8960). In random-effects models, the pooled adjusted risk ratio for dementia in SHyper was 1.67 (95% confidence interval, 1.04; 2.69) and 1.14 (95% confidence interval, 0.84; 1.55) in SHypo vs euthyroidism, both without evidence of significant heterogeneity (I(2) = 0.0%). The pooled mean MMSE decline from baseline to followup (mean 32 mo) did not significantly differ between SHyper or SHypo vs euthyroidism. SHyper might be associated with an elevated risk for dementia, whereas SHypo is not, and both conditions are not associated with faster decline in MMSE over time. Available data are limited, and additional large, high-quality studies are needed

Gawky is a component of cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies required for early Drosophila development

In mammalian cells, the GW182 protein localizes to cytoplasmic bodies implicated in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) stability, translation, and the RNA interference pathway. Many of these functions have also been assigned to analogous yeast cytoplasmic mRNA processing bodies. We have characterized the single Drosophila melanogaster homologue of the human GW182 protein family, which we have named Gawky (GW). Drosophila GW localizes to punctate, cytoplasmic foci in an RNA-dependent manner. Drosophila GW bodies (GWBs) appear to function analogously to human GWBs, as human GW182 colocalizes with GW when expressed in Drosophila cells. The RNA-induced silencing complex component Argonaute2 and orthologues of LSm4 and Xrn1 (Pacman) associated with 5′–3′ mRNA degradation localize to some GWBs. Reducing GW activity by mutation or antibody injection during syncytial embryo development leads to abnormal nuclear divisions, demonstrating an early requirement for GWB-mediated cytoplasmic mRNA regulation. This suggests that gw represents a previously unknown member of a small group of genes that need to be expressed zygotically during early embryo development

Low-field microwave absorption in pulse laser deposited FeSi thin film

Low field microwave absorption (LFMA) measurements at 9.4 GHz (X-band), were carried out on pulse laser deposited (PLD) polycrystalline B20 cubic structure FeSi thin film grown on Si (111) substrate. The LFMA properties of the films were investigated as a function of DC field, temperature, microwave power and the orientation of DC field with respect to the film surface. The LFMA signal is very strong when the DC field is parallel to the film surface and vanishes at higher angles. The LFMA signal strength increases as the microwave power is increased. The LFMA signal disappears around 340 K, which can be attributed to the disappearance of ferromagnetic state well above room temperature in these films. We believe that domain structure evolution in low fields, which in turn modifies the low field permeability as well as the anisotropy, could be the origin of the LFMA observed in these films. The observation of LFMA opens the possibility of the FeSi films to be used as low magnetic field sensors in the microwave and rf frequency regions.University of Pretoria research development program and NRF/Ithemba LABS.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jmmmnf201