Effect of a surface tension imbalance on a partly submerged cylinder

We perform a static analysis of a circular cylinder that forms a barrier between surfactant-laden and surfactant-free portions of a liquid$-$gas interface. In addition to determining the general implications of the balances for forces and torques, we quantify how the imbalance $\Delta\gamma=\gamma_a-\gamma_b$ between the uniform surface tension $\gamma_a$ of the surfactant-free portion of the interface and the uniform surface tension $\gamma_b$ of the surfactant-laden portion of the interface influences the load-bearing capacity of a hydrophobic cylinder. Moreover, we demonstrate that the difference between surface tensions on either side of a cylinder with a cross-section of arbitrary shape induces a horizontal force component $f^h$ equal to $\Delta \gamma$ in magnitude, when measured per unit length of the cylinder. With an energetic argument, we show that this relation also applies to rod-like barriers with cross-sections of variable shape. In addition, we apply our analysis to amphiphilic Janus cylinders and we discuss practical implications of our findings for Marangoni propulsion and surface pressure measurements

From Single to Core-Shell Drops in Non-Confined Microfluidics

This paper was presented at the 4th Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2014), which was held at University College, London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Italian Union of Thermofluiddynamics, IPEM, the Process Intensification Network, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, the Heat Transfer Society, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group, and the Energy Institute, ASME Press, LCN London Centre for Nanotechnology, UCL University College London, UCL Engineering, the International NanoScience Community, www.nanopaprika.eu.For many encapsulation applications such as nutrients, cells and drugs, large core-shell drops are required. Conventional confined microfluidic devices are limited to a rather small sized (< 1mm) droplets because of difficulties associated with phase separation at low flow rates. We report a microfluidic device which can produce such large range of drop sizes (~200 Am- 6 mm) with varying shell thickness (~1 Am- 1 mm) under the maximum influence of buoyancy, which has so far remained unexplored. The existing physical model for single drop formation is extended for the core-shell drop. The facile nature of working with such systems means scale up would be easy

Flavor from the double tetrahedral group without supersymmetry

We consider a class of flavor models proposed by Aranda, Carone and Lebed, relaxing the assumption of supersymmetry and allowing the flavor scale to float anywhere between the weak and Planck scales. We perform global fits to the charged fermion masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa angles, and consider the dependence of the results on the unknown mass scale of the flavor sector. We find that the typical Yukawa textures in these models provide a good description of the data over a wide range of flavor scales, with a preference for those that approach the lower bounds allowed by flavor-changing-neutral-current constraints. Nevertheless, the possibility that the flavor scale and Planck scale are identified remains viable. We present models that demonstrate how the assumed textures can arise most simply in a nonsupersymmetric framework

Identification and Characterization of Pastureland and Other Grazing Resources of Jammu & Kashmir Using GIS and Satellite Remote Sensing Technique

Livestock acquires special importance in mountain farming system from both ecological and socioeconomic point of view. They are an integral part of the farming system and a “bridge’’ connecting two types of land viz., forest and cultivated. In hilly regions, the arable agriculture is not very remunerative; therefore farmers of all categories rear sheep, goats, cattle etc. under sedentary, semi-migratory and migratory systems to supplement family income (Dev et al., 2014). The common property resources (CPR) and degraded pasturelands are the major feed sources. Remotely sensed satellite imagery and Geographic Information System (GIS) are being widely used for the assessment of pasturelands and estimation of forage availability as well as monitoring of the range resources (Singh et al., 2011). Since, the grazing resources are limited and natural grasslands are becoming scarcer, there is a greater need to effectively manage grasslands for optimum forage production and eco-development (Roy and Singh, 2013). Precise information on extent, condition and forage availability is essential for developmental planning. In the present study information on current status of pasturelands in Jammu and Kashmir based on remotely sensed satellite data and GIS/GPS is carried out

Post Traumatic Glioma: An association questioned

Post traumatic glioma has been a matter of debate. Few reports favor its occurrence in previous head injury scar, subsequently developing into glioma. Here we report a case of young patient presented with headache, seizures and gradual loss of vision. On investigation found to have brain tumor. Patient had head injury occurred 3 yrs back. It fulfills all the criteria required to establish traumatic origin, further supporting the association

Characterization and Mapping of Halophyte Vegetation Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technique in Kachchh Plane of Gujarat, India

One of the pressures of a burgeoning population is need to increase agricultural production through both irrigated agriculture and the development of land that was previously regarded as marginal. About 8.56 m ha land in India is affected by salt. Out of this, about 1.2 m ha land is in Gujarat which is next to Uttar Pradesh (1.295 m ha). Kachchh, the second largest district of the country, has more than 53% of the total geographical area under Ranns (salt-marshy lands). The soil salinity in this region ranges from 3.2 to 32 EC and sodicity from 8.0 to 10.0 pH. The animal husbandry is the major livelihood option of the people of the Banni grassland of this region having an area of about 625 km2. Halophyte grown under the saline ecosystem is the major wild forage source for the animals feed. However, the animals feed mostly on wild forage halophytes grown under the saline ecosystem. Apart from natural salinity, a significant proportion of recently cultivated agricultural land has become saline owing to faulty irrigation practices; this secondary salinization poses direct loss to the crop production. The commercial agriculture now prevalent in the region exploits ground water heavily and encroaches upon grass lands. Heavy grazing pressure on the vegetation including wild halophytes is direct threat to the valuable natural biodiversity of the region. Very meager information on systematic characterization of vegetation in this region is available (Pandya and Sidha, 1987 and GUIDE, 1998). Halophytes have tolerance mechanisms that include ions compartmentalization, and compatible solutes. However, the mechanisms of salt tolerance in these species are not fully understood and not much work is reported in the literature. Halophytes have great potential either for direct agricultural crops uses in saline areas or for the incorporation of their characteristics into existing crop species. They may be useful for grazing or fodder or as ornamental plants and have recently been advocated as a source of oils

Identifying behavioural characteristics of tobacco product and e-cigarette use clusters: A repeat cross-sectional analysis

The final publication is available at Elsevier via https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.026 © 2019. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Background Youth may use a variety of tobacco products and e-cigarettes. However, there is a lack of evidence for the combinations of tobacco products and e-cigarettes commonly used by youth in Canada and whether youth from different usage classes share similar characteristics. Methods A cohort of 9th grade students from Ontario, Canada was identified at baseline (2013–14) of the COMPASS study (n = 4651). Classes of youth that currently use similar combinations of tobacco products and e-cigarettes were identified at baseline, one (FY1) and two years later (FY2) using latent class analysis. Multinomial logistic regression models identified demographic and behavioural characteristics (e.g., environmental influences, substance use behaviours, etc.) of youth in current tobacco and e-cigarette use classes relative to youth in non-current use classes. Results At baseline, a three-class model was identified as best, while a four-class model was identified at FY1 and FY2. A non-current use group and an all-product use group were identified every year. Students that reported having friends that smoked cigarettes, binge drinking, and using marijuana were more likely to be classified into a current use class. Conclusions Tobacco cigarettes were more likely to be used with other products than on their own. An all-product use group was identified across all three survey waves and the prevalence of this group increased over time. Given that many youth in this study used more than one tobacco product or e-cigarette and commonly reported binge drinking and using marijuana, prevention and cessation activities should address the use of multiple products.Canadian Institutes of Health Research ["GSD-140312","OOP-110788, MOP-114875"]Public Health Agency of Canada in partnership with Canadian Institutes of Health Research",[]

IGVBrowser–a genomic variation resource from diverse Indian populations

The Indian Genome Variation Consortium (IGVC) project, an initiative of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, has been the first large-scale comprehensive study of the Indian population. One of the major aims of the project is to study and catalog the variations in nearly thousand candidate genes related to diseases and drug response for predictive marker discovery, founder identification and also to address questions related to ethnic diversity, migrations, extent and relatedness with other world population. The Phase I of the project aimed at providing a set of reference populations that would represent the entire genetic spectrum of India in terms of language, ethnicity and geography and Phase II in providing variation data on candidate genes and genome wide neutral markers on these reference set of populations. We report here development of the IGVBrowser that provides allele and genotype frequency data generated in the IGVC project. The database harbors 4229 SNPs from more than 900 candidate genes in contrasting Indian populations. Analysis shows that most of the markers are from genic regions. Further, a large fraction of genes are implicated in cardiovascular, metabolic, cancer and immune system-related diseases. Thus, the IGVC data provide a basal level variation data in Indian population to study genetic diseases and pharmacology. Additionally, it also houses data on ∼50 000 (Affy 50 K array) genome wide neutral markers in these reference populations. In IGVBrowser one can analyze and compare genomic variations in Indian population with those reported in HapMap along with annotation information from various primary data sources