Organisatieklimaat en geestelijke gezondheid van medewerkers

Dat geluk ook te maken heeft met gezondheid, is in een groot aantal wetenschappelijke onderzoeken bewezen. Hoewel mensen met een zorgberoep behoren tot een van de beroepsgroepen waarin het meeste geluk wordt ervaren, groeit de aandacht voor het voorkómen van geestelijke gezondheidsproblemen onder zorgmedewerkers. Uit de wetenschappelijke literatuur over dit onderwerp blijkt dat de perceptie die medewerkers hebben van hun werkomgeving een belangrijke rol speelt in hun geestelijke gezondheid. Om dit nader te onderzoeken, zijn de volgende onderzoeksvragen geformuleerd. Ten eerste: hoe is het organisatieklimaat binnen zorgorganisaties gerelateerd aan de geestelijke gezondheid van medewerkers? En ten tweede: welke dimensie van organisatieklimaat is het sterkst gerelateerd aan de geestelijke gezondheid van zorgmedewerkers? Om deze vragen te beantwoorden, is er een overzichtsstudie uitgevoerd. De resultaten laten zien dat percepties van een goed organisatieklimaat significant samenhangen met positieve geestelijke gezondheidsuitkomsten (zoals minder burn-out, depressie en ang

Organizational climate and employee mental health outcomes: A systematic review of studies in health care organizations

__Abstract__ Background: In recent years, the high prevalence of mental health problems among health care workers has given rise to great concern. The academic literature suggests that employees’ perceptions of their work environment can play a role in explaining mental health outcomes. Purposes: We conducted a systematic review of the literature in order to answer the following two research questions: (1) how does organizational climate relate to mental health outcomes among employees working in health care organizations and (2) which organizational climate dimension is most strongly related to mental health outcomes among employees working in health care organizations. Methodology/Approach: Four search strategies plus inclusion and quality assessment criteria were applied to identify and select eligible studies. As a result, 21 studies were included in the review. Data were extracted from the studies to create a findings database. The contents of the studies were analyzed and categorized according to common characteristics. Findings: Perceptions of a good organizational climate were significantly associated with positive employee mental health outcomes such as lower levels of burnout, depression, and anxiety. More specifically, our findings indicate that group relationships between co-workers are very important in explaining the mental health of health care workers. There is also evidence that aspects of leadership and supervision affect mental health outcomes. Relationships between communication, or participation, and mental health outcomes were less clear. Practical Implications: If health care organizations want to address mental

Euler buckling in red blood cells: An optically driven biological micromotor

We investigate the physics of an optically-driven micromotor of biological origin. A single, live red blood cell, when placed in an optical trap folds into a rod-like shape. If the trapping laser beam is circularly polarized, the folded RBC rotates. A model based on the concept of buckling instabilities captures the folding phenomenon; the rotation of the cell is simply understood using the Poincar\`e sphere. Our model predicts that (i) at a critical intensity of the trapping beam the RBC shape undergoes large fluctuations and (ii) the torque is proportional to the intensity of the laser beam. These predictions have been tested experimentally. We suggest a possible mechanism for emergence of birefringent properties in the RBC in the folded state

Effects of Local and Nonlocal Substructure Spin on Localization in Tantalum Top-Hat Specimen

Effects of local and nonlocal substructure spin on the localization behavior of tantalum top-hat specimens subjected to high-rate compression are investigated. The orientation of a quadratic yield surface within the space of the intermediate configuration second Piola Kirchhoff stress is defined by a triad of substructure unit director vectors. Local evolution kinetics for the substructure directors are based on a plastic constitutive spin proportional to the non-coaxiality between stress and plastic rate of deformation within the spinless intermediate configuration. An extension of the local plastic constitutive spin to reflect nonlocal kinetics is made by attenuating or amplifying the spin rate depending on the misorientation of the substructure directors at a material point with those at adjacent material points within some neighborhood. Increased local spin rates tend to accentuate localization of plastic deformation and acts as a constitutive softening mechanism. On the other hand, the constraint imposed by nonlocal evolution of substructure orientation affects the plastic deformation field by reducing the propensity for flow, thus delaying localization and increasing the spatial coherence of the director vector field

Early mobilisation versus plaster immobilisation of simple elbow dislocations: Results of the FuncSiE multicentre randomised clinical trial

Background/aim To compare outcome of early mobilisation and plaster immobilisation in patients with a simple elbow dislocation. We hypothesised that early mobilisation would result in earlier functional recovery. Methods From August 2009 to September 2012, 100 adult patients with a simple elbow dislocation were enrolled in this multicentre randomised controlled trial. Patients were randomised to early mobilisation (n=48) or 3 weeks plaster immobilisation (n=52). Primary outcome measure was the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick-DASH) score. Secondary outcomes were the Oxford Elbow Score, Mayo Elbow Performance Index, pain, range of motion, complications and activity resumption. Patients were followed for 1 year. Results Quick-DASH scores at 1 year were 4.0 (95% CI 0.9 to 7.1) points in the early mobilisation group versus 4.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 7.2) in the plaster immobilisation group. At 6 weeks, early mobilised patients reported less disability (Quick-DASH 12 (95% CI 9 to 15) points vs 19 (95% CI 16 to 22); p<0.05) and had a larger arc of flexion and extension (121° (95% CI 115° to 127°) vs 102° (95% CI 96° to 108°); p<0.05). Patients returned to work sooner after early mobilisation (10 vs 18 days; p=0.020). Complications occurred in 12 patients; this was unrelated to treatment. No recurrent dislocations occurred. Conclusions Early active mobilisation is a safe and effective treatment for simple elbow dislocations. Patients recovered faster and returned to work earlier without increasing the complication rate. No evidence was found supporting treatment benefit at 1 year

The absence of an auditory-visual attentional blink is not due to echoic memory.

Als binnen een halve seconde twee visuele items in een serieel aangeboden stroom moeten worden geselecteerd, is de prestatie voor het tweede item vaak relatief slecht (er treedt een “attentional blink” op); wanneer het eerste echter item auditief wordt aangeboden, verdwijnt de blink meestal. We hebben aangetoond dat dit laatste niet wordt veroorzaakt doordat proefpersonen hun echoïsch geheugen gebruiken om de verwerking van het auditieve item uit te stellen tot na het einde van de visuele stroom

Identification and manipulation of tumor associated macrophages in human cancers

Evading immune destruction and tumor promoting inflammation are important hallmarks in the development of cancer. Macrophages are present in most human tumors and are often associated with bad prognosis. Tumor associated macrophages come in many functional flavors ranging from what is known as classically activated macrophages (M1) associated with acute inflammation and T-cell immunity to immune suppressive macrophages (M2) associated with the promotion of tumor growth. The role of these functionally different myeloid cells is extensively studied in mice tumor models but dissimilarities in markers and receptors make the direct translation to human cancer difficult. This review focuses on recent reports discriminating the type of infiltrating macrophages in human tumors and the environmental cues present that steer their differentiation. Finally, immunotherapeutic approaches to interfere in this process are discussed

Dental Status and Associated Factors in a Dentate Adult Population in Bulgaria: A Cross-Sectional Survey

This study aimed to determine variations in the dental status of a dentate adult population in terms of “decayed,” “missing,” and “filled” teeth in relation to several sociodemographic and behavioral factors. Quota sampling was used to draw 2531 subjects aged 20 years and over. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire and an oral examination. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to observe associations between “decayed,” “missing,” and “filled” teeth and the factors of interest. The mean numbers of “decayed,” “missing,” and “filled” teeth were 2.2, 6.7, and 4.9, respectively. Molar teeth were significantly more often “missing” than premolar and anterior teeth. Age, gender, education, and tooth brushing revealed most noticeable associations. Increasing age was associated with a lower chance of having “decayed” and “filled” teeth, but with a higher chance of having “missing” teeth. Females were more likely to have “missing” and “filled” teeth. Higher education was associated with a lower chance of having “missing” teeth. More frequent tooth brushing was associated with a lower chance of having “decayed” and “missing” teeth, but with a higher chance of having “filled” teeth. These risk indicators should be considered in prevention program planning if reduction of tooth loss is to be achieved