1964 Grain Sorghum Performance Trials

The 1964 Grain Sorghum Performance Trials were conducted at ten locations in South Dakota. Varieties presently grown by farmers, new varieties not yet widely used and new strains being considered for release were eligible for entry in the 1964 trials. The trials were under the supervision of the Crop Performance Testing Activity of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Grain yields, test weights and other agronomic data are reported

Hume: A Hard, Red winter Wheat

Each year South Dakota farmers have been seeding about 2,250,000 acres of wheat of which 600,000 acres have been winter wheat. Nebred, a Turkey type wheat released in 1938 by Nebraska, has been dominant, constituting about 23% of the winter wheat acreage in 1965 and 45% in 1964. In the severe stem rust year of 1962 Nebred made up about 80% of the acreage. Losses to winter wheat growers from stem rust in 1962 were estimated in excess of $20,000,000. Other varieties susceptible to stem rust and still in use are Warrior, Omaha, Wichita, Cheyenne, and Bison

Bronze Wheat

The years following the severe losses in yield of winter wheat due to stem rust in 1962 and 1963 have seen the release for production of many varieties that resist stem rust. The South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station released Hume and Winoka and also joined in testing and release of rust resistant varieties developed in neighboring states. The breeding objective in the South Dakota program has been to select early, especially hardy, medium to short strawed lines having resistance to both stem and leaf rust, of good milling and baking qualities and of good yield and test weight. The success of such a program should enable growers to use fall sown wheat ever farther northward and eastward in this state. That such an objective is especially difficult is apparent from the fact that no one has yet developed a variety having to a significant degree all of those qualities. The ability to tiller heavily to fill out a stand depleted by winter losses also is an important trait

Winoka: A New Hard Red Winter Wheat

The need for better varieties of winter wheat is never more apparent than when stem rust is rampant as it was from 1962 to 1965. Among the varieties and lines tested in 1962 was Winalta a new release from Canada. Winalta was among the hardiest varieties, was of excellent milling and baking qualities and was a good yielder but half of its plants were resistant and half were susceptible to stem rust

Eureka!

Eureka (C. I. 17738) is a hard red spring wheat variety developed by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and released on January 1, 1978. Designated SD 2185 while being tested, Eureka combines high yield with good quality and exhibits resistance to stem rust and leaf rust. With these characteristics, Eureka provides a good alternative for producers who prefer standard height, awnless varieties. Seed increased by the Foundation Seed Stock Division, SDSU, was released to seed growers (Crop Improvement Association) for 1978 planting. Registered and Certified seed will be available for 1979 planting. Plant Variety Protection has been applied for, and Eureka can only be sold by variety name, as a class of certified seed

A New Oat: Kelly

Kelly is a spring oat developed by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station and released February 1984. Because of its white hull and high test weight, it is an attractive oat for the racehorse and pleasure horse market. Kelly combines excellent grain quality with moderate height and earliness. Performance in South Dakota has been good. Kelly was named after Clarence Kelly Olson of Brookings, a technician on the SDSU small grain project for many years

A New Oat: Sandy

The purpose of this bulletin is to provide a brief overview of the Sandy oat for the farmer. Its origin, agronomic characteristics, and performance data are included

For Yield, Test Weight, Disease Resistance: Settler Oat

The purpose of this bulletin is to provide a brief overview of the Settler Oat for the farmer. Its origin, agronomic characteristics, yield, test weight, and information regarding its disease resistance are provided

X-linked myotubular myopathy is associated with epigenetic alterations and is ameliorated by HDAC inhibition

X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM) is a fatal neuromuscular disorder caused by loss of function mutations in MTM1. At present, there are no directed therapies for XLMTM, and incomplete understanding of disease pathomechanisms. To address these knowledge gaps, we performed a drug screen in mtm1 mutant zebrafish and identified four positive hits, including valproic acid, which functions as a potent suppressor of the mtm1 zebrafish phenotype via HDAC inhibition. We translated these findings to a mouse XLMTM model, and showed that valproic acid ameliorates the murine phenotype. These observations led us to interrogate the epigenome in Mtm1 knockout mice; we found increased DNA methylation, which is normalized with valproic acid, and likely mediated through aberrant 1-carbon metabolism. Finally, we made the unexpected observation that XLMTM patients share a distinct DNA methylation signature, suggesting that epigenetic alteration is a conserved disease feature amenable to therapeutic intervention

Neuromuscular imaging in inherited muscle diseases

Driven by increasing numbers of newly identified genetic defects and new insights into the field of inherited muscle diseases, neuromuscular imaging in general and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in particular are increasingly being used to characterise the severity and pattern of muscle involvement. Although muscle biopsy is still the gold standard for the establishment of the definitive diagnosis, muscular imaging is an important diagnostic tool for the detection and quantification of dystrophic changes during the clinical workup of patients with hereditary muscle diseases. MRI is frequently used to describe muscle involvement patterns, which aids in narrowing of the differential diagnosis and distinguishing between dystrophic and non-dystrophic diseases. Recent work has demonstrated the usefulness of muscle imaging for the detection of specific congenital myopathies, mainly for the identification of the underlying genetic defect in core and centronuclear myopathies. Muscle imaging demonstrates characteristic patterns, which can be helpful for the differentiation of individual limb girdle muscular dystrophies. The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of current methods and applications as well as future perspectives in the field of neuromuscular imaging in inherited muscle diseases. We also provide diagnostic algorithms that might guide us through the differential diagnosis in hereditary myopathies