Spin-other-orbit operator in the tensorial form of second quantization

The tensorial form of the spin-other-orbit interaction operator in the formalism of second quantization is presented. Such an expression is needed to calculate both diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements according to an approach, based on a combination of second quantization in the coupled tensorial form, angular momentum theory in three spaces (orbital, spin and quasispin), and a generalized graphical technique. One of the basic features of this approach is the use of tables of standard quantities, without which the process of obtaining matrix elements of spin-other-orbit interaction operator between any electron configurations is much more complicated. Some special cases are shown for which the tensorial structure of the spin-other-orbit interaction operator reduces to an unusually simple form

Beyond the Bounty: Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) for food security and novel foods in the 21st Century

researchThe Food and Agriculture Organization recently reported that the number undernourished people has reached a record high of 1.02 billion, most prevalent in the tropics. Breadfruit, Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg, is an underutilized Oceanic staple crop long recognized for its potential to alleviate hunger in tropical climates. Breadfruit can be grown sustainably with minimal agricultural inputs and can be multicropped with high value cash crops such as coffee, pepper, or vanilla. A great diversity of cultivars with varying nutritional and agronomic characteristics exists, yet few cultivars are widely cultivated. Recent developments in micropropagation have made possible large scale propagation and dissemination but to fully utilize this resource, a deeper understanding of the nutritional characteristics, and the development of new products and markets are needed. This review will highlight and describe the state of our current knowledge and the potential for breadfruit as a sustainable crop to provide new foods for Western markets and food security for the growing global population