22 research outputs found
STUDY OF THERMAL INTERACTION OF CELL-PHONE RADIATIONS WITHIN HUMAN HEAD TISSUES
In the present investigation, a theoretical model based on Maxwell equations, microscopic form of ohm's law and Joules law of heating effect is proposed for the study of penetration depth, attenuation coefficient and specific absorption rate (SAR) with varying distance between the source of radiation and exposed human head tissues (skin, fat, brain and bone). In addition, corresponding temperature increase inside these various human head tissues is also calculated. Results of present study indicate that the temperature rise in human tissue depends upon specific absorption rate and the duration for which human body is actually exposed to GSM radiations. By assuming the distance of 1cm and exposure time of 5 minutes, the highest SAR was estimated to be 1681.7 W/Kg for the brain tissue at 900 MHz and 4038.5 W/Kg for 1800 MHz. Maximum skin depth and attenuation coefficient was found to be in the case of fat and brain tissue, respectively amongst rest head tissues. The corresponding highest temperature rise for the brain tissue was calculated to be 2.31K at 900 MHz and 5.54K at 1800 MHz frequencies
NONTHERMAL EFFECTS OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATIONS ON HUMAN HEART RATE, BLOOD PRESSURE, AND SUGAR LEVEL
Objective: A single-blinded pilot study has been conducted to investigate the effect of cell phone radiation on the human heart. Methods: Experimental work has been conducted in Jalandhar-based hospital under the supervision of a cardiologist. During experimental work, electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP) level, and sugar level have been examined before and after cell phone radiation exposure. For ECG analysis, the parameters such as heart rate, rhythm, mechanism, axis, P wave, PR interval, QRS complex, ST segment, T wave, and QT interval have been examined in the study.Results: No significant variations in the results of above-mentioned parameter has been observed before and after acute exposure of cell phones radiations by placing cell phone closer to heart.Conclusion: The result of this study concludes that mobile phone radiations do not interfere with any electrical activity of the human heart, BP, and sugar level in healthy individuals
Development of ascochyta blight (Ascochyta rabiei) in chickpea as affected by host resistance and plant age
Ascochyta blight caused by Ascochyta
rabiei, is the most destructive disease in many
chickpea growing countries. Disease development
varies with the growth stage and host resistance.
Hence, disease development was studied in cvs
ICCX 810800 (resistant), ICCV 90201 (moderately
resistant), C 235 (moderately susceptible), ICCV
96029 and Pb 7 (susceptible) under controlled
environment (ICRISAT, Patencheru) and field conditions
(Dhaulakuan, Himachal Pradesh) at seedling,
post-seedling, vegetative, flowering and podding
stages. Under controlled environment, the incubation
period and terminal disease reaction (TDR) did not
vary significantly at different growth stages against
virulent isolate AB 4. Cultivars ICCX 810800,
ICCV 90201 and C 235 showed a significantly
longer incubation period than the susceptible cv. Pb
7. Cultivar ICCX 810800 showed slow disease
progress and the least TDR. Field experiments were
conducted during the 2003–2004 and 2004–2005
growing seasons. During 2003–2004, TDR was
higher in plants inoculated at podding and the
flowering stage and the lowest disease reaction was
recorded in ICCX 810800. A severe epidemic
during 2004–2005 was attributed to the favourable
temperature, humidity and well distributed high
rainfall. TDR did not differ significantly at any of
the growth stages in susceptible cvs ICCV 96029
and Pb 7. With respect to seeding date and cultivar,
the highest yield was recorded in the early-sown
crop (1,276.7 kg ha�1) and in ICCV 90201
(1,799.3 kg ha�1), respectively. The yields were
greatly reduced in all the cultivars during 2004–
2005 and the highest yield was recorded in ICCX
810800 (524.7 kg ha�1). Integrated disease management
using resistant cultivars, optimum sowing
period and foliar application of fungicides will
improve chickpea production. The experiment under
controlled environment and field conditions (during
the epidemic year) showed a similar disease development
Biplot analysis of genotype × environment interactions and identification of stable sources of resistance to Ascochyta blight in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabei (Pass.) Labr. is one of the most important constraints that limits the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The absence of high levels of stable resistant sources to the pathogen has necessitated the continued search and identification of new sources of resistance. The main aim of this work was to identify new sources of resistance to AB and validate their stability across multi-environments. A collection of 424 elite chickpea genotypes were evaluated for AB resistance under controlled environmental conditions in 2005–2006 at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India. Fifty-one genotypes with AB severity ≤3.0 (based on the 1–9 scale) were selected for a second round of evaluation in 2006–2007 at ICRISAT. Based on the results obtained during both years, an Ascochyta Blight Nursery (ABN) was established to evaluate the selected 29 chickpea genotypes, including 4 germplasm lines, 24 breeding lines and a highly susceptible line. The nursery was evaluated at 3 locations (Almora, Dhaulakuan and Ludhiana) in India over three crop seasons (2007–2008, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010) and under controlled environment conditions at ICRISAT to further confirm the stable performance of these genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant effects of year, location (year), genotype and genotype × location (year) interaction. The genotype and genotype × environment (GGE) biplot analyses of multi-environment data showed that resistance of five genotypes (EC 516934, ICCV 04537, ICCV 98818, EC 516850 and EC 516971) had mean disease severity ≤3.0 on the 1–9 scale and the reactions were consistent across the environments. Genotype EC 516934 was found resistant to AB at the seedling stage in the controlled environment at ICRISAT. The remaining genotypes showed moderately resistant reaction (3.0–5.0) to AB under controlled environment conditions. A significant positive correlation was found between the performance of the genotypes under controlled environment and field screening conditions (r = 0.70; P < 0.01). The resistant genotypes identified in the present study would be useful in breeding programs as stable resistant donors to evolve agronomically desirable AB resistant varietie
Crop Updates 2006 - Weeds
This session covers thirty seven papers from different authors:
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS, Alexandra Douglas, CONVENOR – WEEDS DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
SPRAY TECHNOLOGY
2. Meeting the variable application goals with new application technology, Thomas M. Wolf, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre
3. Spray nozzles for grass weed control, Harm van Rees, BCG (Birchip Cropping Group)
4. Boom sprayer setups – achieving coarse droplets with different operating parameters, Bill Gordon, Bill Gordon Consulting
5. Complying with product label requirements, Bill Gordon, Bill Gordon Consulting
6. IWM a proven performer over 5 years in 33 focus paddocks, Peter Newman and Glenn Adam, Department of Agriculture
7. Crop topping of wild radish in lupins and barley, how long is a piece of string? Peter Newman and Glenn Adam, Department of Agriculture
8. Determining the right timing to maximise seed set control of wild radish, Aik Cheam and Siew Lee, Department of Agriculture
9. Why weed wiping varies in success rates in broadacre crops? Aik Cheam1, Katherine Hollaway2, Siew Lee1, Brad Rayner1 and John Peirce1,1Department of Agriculture, 2Department of Primary Industries, Victoria
10. Are WA growers successfully managing herbicide resistant annual ryegrass? Rick Llewellynabc, Frank D’Emdena, Mechelle Owenb and Stephen Powlesb aCRC Australian Weed Management, School of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Western Australia; bWA Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia. cCurrent address: CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems
11. Do herbicide resistant wild radish populations look different? Michael Walsh, Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia
12. Can glyphosate and paraquat annual ryegrass reduce crop topping efficacy? Emma Glasfurd, Michael Walsh and Kathryn Steadman, Western Australian Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia
13. Tetraploid ryegrass for WA. Productive pasture phase AND defeating herbicide resistant ryegrass, Stephen Powlesa, David Ferrisab and Bevan Addisonc, aWA Herbicide Resistance Initiative, University of Western Australia; bDepartment of Agriculture, and cElders Limited
14. Long-term management impact on seedbank of wild radish with multiple resistance to diflufenican and triazines, Aik Cheam, Siew Lee, Dave Nicholson and Ruben Vargas, Department of Agriculture
15. East-west crop row orientation improves wheat and barley yields, Dr Shahab Pathan, Dr Abul Hashem, Nerys Wilkins and Catherine Borger3, Department of Agriculture, 3WAHRI, The University ofWestern Australia
16. Competitiveness of different lupin cultivars with wild radish, Dr Shahab Pathan, Dr Bob French and Dr Abul Hashem, Department of Agriculture
17. Managing herbicide resistant weeds through farming systems, Kari-Lee Falconer, Martin Harries and Chris Matthews, Department of Agriculture
18. Lupins tolerate in-row herbicides well, Peter Newman and Martin Harries, Department of Agriculture
19. Summer weeds can reduce wheat grain yield and protein, Dr Abul Hashem1, Dr Shahab Pathan1 and Vikki Osten3, 1Department Agriculture, 3Senior Agronomist, CRC for Australian Weed Management, Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries
20. Diuron post-emergent in lupins, the full story, Peter Newman and Glenn Adam, Department of Agriculture
21. Double incorporation of trifluralin, Peter Newman and Glenn Adam, Department of Agriculture
22. Herbicide tolerance of narrow leafed and yellow lupins, Harmohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Department of Agriculture
23. MIG narrow leaf lupin herbicide tolerance trial, Richard Quinlan, Planfarm Pty Ltd, Trials Coordinator MIG; Debbie Allen, Research Agronomist – MIG
24. Herbicide tolerance of new albus lupins, Harmohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Department of Agriculture
25. Field pea x herbicide tolerance, Mark Seymour and Harmohinder Dhammu, Research Officers, and Pam Burgess, Department of Agriculture
26. Faba bean variety x herbicide tolerance, Mark Seymour and Harmohinder Dhammu, Research Officers, and Pam Burgess, Department of Agriculture
27. Herbicide tolerance of new Kabili chickpeas, Harmohinder Dhammu, Owen Coppen and Chris Roberts, Department of Agriculture
28. Timing of phenoxys application in EAG Eagle Rock, Harmohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Department of Agriculture
29. Herbicide tolerance of new wheat varieties, Harmohinder Dhammu, David Nicholson, Department of Agriculture
30. Lathyrus sativus x herbicide tolerance, Mark Seymour, Department of Agriculture
31. Tolerance of annual pasture species to herbicides and mixtures containing diuron, Christiaan Valentine and David Ferris, Department of Agriculture
32. The impact of herbicides on pasture legume species – a summary of scientific trial results across 8 years, Christiaan Valentine and David Ferris, Department of Agriculture
33. The impact of spraytopping on pasture legume seed set, Christiaan Valentine and David Ferris, Department of Agriculture
34. Ascochyta interaction with Broadstrike in chickpeas, H.S. Dhammu1, A.K. Basandrai2,3, W.J. MacLeod1, 3 and C. Roberts1, 1Department of Agriculture, 2CSKHPAU, Dhaulakuan, Sirmour (HP), India and 3CLIMA
35. Best management practices for atrazine in broadacre crops, John Moore, Department of Agriculture, Neil Rothnie, Chemistry Centre of WA, Russell Speed, Department of Agriculture, John Simons, Department of Agriculture, and Ted Spadek, Chemistry Centre of WA
36. Biology and management of red dodder (Cuscuta planiflolia) – a new threat to the grains industry, Abul Hashem, Daya Patabendige and Chris Roberts, Department Agriculture
37. Help the wizard stop the green invaders! Michael Renton, Sally Peltzer and Art Diggle, Department of Agricultur
Evaluation and identification of wild lentil accessions for enhancing genetic gains of cultivated varieties.
Domesticated lentil has a relatively narrow genetic base globally and most released varieties are susceptible to severe biotic and abiotic stresses. The crop wild relatives could provide new traits of interest for tailoring novel germplasm and cultivated lentil improvement. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate wild lentil accessions for identification of economically viable agro-morphological traits and resistance against major biotic stresses. The study has revealed substantial variations in seed yield and its important component characters. Further, the diversity analysis of wild accessions showed two major clusters which were bifurcated into sub-clusters, thereby suggesting their wider genetic divergence. However, principal component analysis exhibited that seed yield plant-1, number of seeds plant-1, number of pods plant-1, harvest index and biological yield plant-1 contributed significantly to the total genetic variation assessed in wild lentil taxa. Moreover, some of the wild accessions collected from Syria and Turkey regions showed resistance against more than one disease indicating rich diversity of lentil genetic resources. The identification of most promising genotypes carrying resistance against major biotic stresses could be utilized in the cultivated or susceptible varieties of lentil for enhancing genetic gains. The study has also identified some trait specific accessions, which could also be taken into the consideration while planning distant hybridization in lentil
Stability and suitability of genotypes and environment to Ascochyta blight of chickpea
Ascochyta blight (AB) is a major biotic constraint to chickpea production internationally. The disease caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Ascochyta rabiei is highly favored by prolonged spells of low temperature and high humidity. The disease scenario is expected to aggravate in the near future as a result of rapidly changing climatic conditions and the emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogen strains. Tapping into host–plant resistance is the most logical way to preempt such a crisis. Presently, high levels of stable resistance against AB are yet to be identified from the chickpea gene pool. The present study was aimed at
facilitating this process through multi-environment testing of chickpea genotypes. Using the GGE biplot analysis method, we could identify three genotypes, viz., ICCV 16508, ICCV 16513, and ICCV 16516, from the International Ascochyta Blight Nursery, which showed consistent moderate resistance reactions across all the tested environments. Moreover, we were able to evaluate the test locations for their suitability to support AB screening trials. Ludhiana and Palampur locations were identified as the most ideal for
continual screening in the future. Controlled environment screening at the ICRISAT location offered to reduce large plant populations to small meaningful sizes through initial screening under controlled environment conditions. This
study will further improve the scope of phenotyping and sources of stable resistance to be utilized in future AB resistance breeding programs
<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Mangal;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language: HI" lang="EN-GB">Tagging and mapping of SSR marker for rust resistance gene in lentil (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Lens culinaris </i>Medikus subsp. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">culinaris</i>)</span>
394-399<span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:
" times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" roman";mso-bidi-font-family:="" mangal;mso-ansi-language:en-gb;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" hi"="" lang="EN-GB">Lentil, as an economical source of protein, minerals and vitamins, plays
important role in nutritional security of the common man. Grown mainly in West
Asia, North Africa (WANA) region and South Asia, it suffers from several biotic
stresses such as wilt, rust, blight and broomrape. Lentil rust caused by
autoecious fungus Uromyces viciae fabae
(Pers.) Schroet is a serious lentil disease in Algeria, Bangladesh, Ethiopia,
India, Italy, Morocco, Pakistan and Nepal. The disease symptoms are observed
during flowering and early podding stages. Rust causes severe yield losses in
lentil. It can only be effectively controlled by identifying the resistant source,
understanding its inheritance and breeding for host resistance. The obligate parasitic nature of pathogen
makes it difficult to maintain the pathogen in culture and to apply it to
screen segregating progenies under controlled growth conditions. Hence, the
use of molecular markers will compliment in identification of resistant types
in different breeding programs. Here, we studied the inheritance of resistance
to rust in lentil using F1, F2 and F2:3 from
cross PL 8 (susceptible) x L 4149 (resistant) varieties. The phenotyping of
lentil population was carried out at Sirmour, India. The result of genetic
analysis revealed that a single dominant gene controls rust resistance in
lentil genotype L 4149. The F2 population from this cross was used
to tag and map the rust resistance gene using SSR and SRAP markers. Markers
such as 270 SRAP and 162 SSR were studied for polymorphism and 101 SRAP and 33
SSRs were found to be polymorphic between the parents. Two SRAP and two SSR
markers differentiated the resistant and susceptible bulks. SSR marker Gllc 527
was estimated to be linked to rust resistant locus at a distance of 5.9 cM. The
Gllc 527 marker can be used for marker assisted selection for rust resistance;
however, additional markers closer to rust resistant locus are required. The markers linked to the rust resistance
gene can serve as starting points for map-based cloning of the rust resistance
gene.</span
Not Available
Not AvailableAscochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochyta rabei
(Pass.) Labr. is one of the most important constraints that limits
the productivity of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The absence
of high levels of stable resistant sources to the pathogen has
necessitated the continued search and identification of new
sources of resistance. The main aim of this work was to
identify new sources of resistance to AB and validate their
stability across multi-environments. A collection of 424 elite
chickpea genotypes were evaluated for AB resistance under
controlled environmental conditions in 2005–2006 at the
International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid
Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, India. Fifty-one genotypes
with AB severity ≤3.0 (based on the 1–9 scale) were selected
for a second round of evaluation in 2006–2007 at ICRISAT.
Based on the results obtained during both years, an Ascochyta
Blight Nursery (ABN) was established to evaluate the selected
29 chickpea genotypes, including 4 germplasm lines, 24
breeding lines and a highly susceptible line. The nursery was
evaluated at 3 locations (Almora, Dhaulakuan and Ludhiana)
in India over three crop seasons (2007–2008, 2008–2009 and
2009–2010) and under controlled environment conditions at
ICRISAT to further confirm the stable performance of these
genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant
effects of year, location (year), genotype and genotype ×
location (year) interaction. The genotype and genotype ×
environment (GGE) biplot analyses ofmulti-environment data
showed that resistance of five genotypes (EC 516934, ICCV
04537, ICCV 98818, EC 516850 and EC 516971) had mean
disease severity ≤3.0 on the 1–9 scale and the reactions were
consistent across the environments. Genotype EC 516934 was
found resistant to AB at the seedling stage in the controlled
environment at ICRISAT. The remaining genotypes showed
moderately resistant reaction (3.0–5.0) to AB under controlled
environment conditions. A significant positive correlation
was found between the performance of the genotypes
under controlled environment and field screening conditions
(r=0.70; P<0.01). The resistant genotypes identified
in the present study would be useful in breeding programs
as stable resistant donors to evolve agronomically desirable
AB resistant varieties.Not Availabl
Identification of QTLs for resistance to Fusarium wilt and Ascochyta blight in a recombinant inbred population of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Fusarium wilt (FW; caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris) and Ascochyta blight (AB; caused by Ascochyta rabiei) are two major biotic stresses that cause significant yield losses in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). In order to identify the genomic regions responsible for resistance to FW and AB, 188 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross JG 62 × ICCV 05530 were phenotyped for reaction to FW and AB under both controlled environment and field conditions. Significant variation in response to FW and AB was detected at all the locations. A genetic map comprising of 111 markers including 84 simple sequence repeats and 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci spanning 261.60 cM was constructed. Five quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for resistance to FW with phenotypic variance explained from 6.63 to 31.55%. Of the five QTLs, three QTLs including a major QTL on CaLG02 and a minor QTL each on CaLG04 and CaLG06 were identified for resistance to race 1 of FW. For race 3, a major QTL each on CaLG02 and CaLG04 were identified. In the case of AB, one QTL for seedling resistance (SR) against ‘Hisar race’ and a minor QTL each for SR and adult plant resistance against isolate 8 of race 6 (3968) were identified. The QTLs and linked markers identified in this study can be utilized for enhancing the FW and AB resistance in elite cultivars using marker-assisted backcrossing