Meme, prostat, kolorektal ve akciğer kanserlerinde çevresel risk faktörleri ve risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi: olgu-kontrol çalışması

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess environmental risk factors affecting breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer and to assess risk levels before diagnosis using risk level determination programs

Determination of breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer environmental risk factors and risk levels: case-control study

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess environmental risk factors affecting breast, prostate, colorectal and lung cancer and to assess risk levels before diagnosis using risk level determination programs

Relationships between cotinine, lower respiratory tract infection, and eosinophil cationic protein in children

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of passive smoking on urine eosinophil cationic protein (u-ECP) in children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI)

The impact of passive smoking on the development of lower respiratory tract infections in children

Environmental tobacco smoke is an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of passive smoking on lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children aged 2 - 12 years. A case-control study was conducted on matched-pair design. One-hundred and fifty children with LRTIs and 150 healthy children were included in the study. Data were collected through questionnaire and urine samples for the determination of cotinine levels, and were analysed by McNemar chi-square, paired t-test and Pearson correlation tests. The prevalence of parental self-reported, indoor smoking was 71.3% in children with LRTI and 72.0% in healthy children. Employing 30 ng mg(-1), the cut-off level of urinary cotinine/creatinine as commonly accepted, 87.3% of the children with LRTIs and 84.7% of healthy children were found to be passive smokers ( p = 0.61, odds ratio (OR) 0.93; confidence interval (CI) = 0.34 - 2.53). If 60 ng mg (-1) of urinary cotinine/creatinine was accepted as a cut-off level, it was observed that the rates of passive smoking were 76.7% and 50.7%, respectively (p = 0.000, OR = 4.72; 95% CI = 2.62 - 8.52). Dose-dependent exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was found to be associated with the incidence of LRTI

The frequency of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy female adolescents

Aim: To establish the frequency and causes of vitamin D insufficiency in healthy female adolescents in Izmir, Turkey. Methods: 64 adolescents from alow-(Ikinci Inonu) and a high- (Ilica) socio-economic settlement were included. Parents' monthly income was classified as low, middle and high. The blood samples were drawn at the end of the summer and winter periods. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency percentages for the end-of-winter period were 59.4% in Ikinci Inonu and 15.6% in Ilica, and for the end of summer 25% and 15.6%, respectively. Calcidiol levels of cases from Ikinci Inonu were found to be lower compared with the levels of cases from Ilica (349/15 vs 599/24 nmol/l for end of winter, p = 0.000; 519/22 vs 659/28 nmol/l for end of summer, p = 0.03). Calcidiol levels of cases whose parental monthly income was low and whose mothers were illiterate were significantly lower than the others (489/18 vs 659/29 nmol/l for end of summer, p = 0.01; 339/16 vs 56 +/- 23 nmol/l for end of winter, p = 0.000; 45 +/- 13 vs 64 +/- 29 nmol/l for end of summer, p = 0.007; 36 +/- 17 vs 51 +/- 25 nmol/l for end of winter, p = 0.02; respectively)

Effects of an antibiotic and two phytogenic substances (cinnamaldehyde and 1,8-cineole) on yolk fatty acid profile and storage period-associated egg lipid peroxidation level

This study was aimed at determining the effects of two phytogenic antioxidants, namely, cinnamaldehyde and 1,8-cineole, and an antibiotic added to laying hen feed on the fatty acid profile of egg yolk and the weight loss and lipid peroxidation levels of eggs stored for different periods. Ninety-six 48-week-old Bovans White hens were randomly assigned to four groups, each with four replicates of six hens per replicate. The four groups were provided with the following feeds: maize and soybean-based laying hen feed, basal ration (control group); basal ration added 500 mg/kg of an antibiotic; basal ration added 100 mg/kg of cinnamaldehyde; and basal ration added 100 mg/kg of 1,8-cineole. At the end of an eight-week feeding schedule, 48 eggs, including 12 from each group, were used for yolk fatty acid analysis. In total, 240 eggs, including 48 eggs for each of the five different storage periods tested (1, 14, 28, 42, and 56 days), were collected for the detection of egg weight loss and yolk malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. The feed supplements cinnamaldehyde and 1,8-cineole were determined to have significantly reduced lipid peroxidation in the yolk of eggs stored for 14, 28, 42, and 56 days, when compared with the results of the control group and antibiotic-treated group. Furthermore, dietary cinnamaldehyde supplementation was determined to have decreased the yolk level of myristic acid, a saturated fatty acid, and to have increased the yolk level of oleic acid, the major unsaturated fatty acid found in egg yolk (46.28%) in comparison with the levels measured in the other three groups. Cinnamaldehyde and 1,8-cineole were determined to extend the shelf life of eggs by providing protection against free oxygen radicals. Cinnamaldehyde could be used as an alternative feed supplement to enrich the yolk fatty acid profile in unsaturated fatty acid