A patient with abnormalities of the coronary arteries and non-compaction of the left ventricular myocardium resulting in ischaemic heart disease symptoms

Left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) is a rare cardiomyopathy that results from unsettled embryogenesis of myocardium. It is morphologically characterised by the presence of non-compacted, this is hypertrabeculated, myocardium of the left ventricle with deep endocardial recesses. The clinical spectrum of symptoms is very wide — from asymptomatic patients through the cases of heart failure to the patients requiring heart transplantation. The diagnosis is most frequently based on the echocardiography. LVNC is often coexisted with other heart defects and coronary artery abnormalities. We described a case of a 58-year-old man with LVNC and coronary artery anomalies

Prey preference in a kleptoplastic dinoflagellate is linked to photosynthetic performance

Dinoflagellates of the family Kryptoperidiniaceae, known as “dinotoms”, possess diatom-derived endosymbionts and contain individuals at three successive evolutionary stages: a transiently maintained kleptoplastic stage; a stage containing multiple permanently maintained diatom endosymbionts; and a further permanent stage containing a single diatom endosymbiont. Kleptoplastic dinotoms were discovered only recently, in Durinskia capensis; until now it has not been investigated kleptoplastic behavior and the metabolic and genetic integration of host and prey. Here, we show D. capensis is able to use various diatom species as kleptoplastids and exhibits different photosynthetic capacities depending on the diatom species. This is in contrast with the prey diatoms in their free-living stage, as there are no differences in their photosynthetic capacities. Complete photosynthesis including both the light reactions and the Calvin cycle remain active only when D. capensis feeds on its habitual associate, the “essential” diatom Nitzschia captiva. The organelles of another edible diatom, N. inconspicua, are preserved intact after ingestion by D. capensis and expresses the psbC gene of the photosynthetic light reaction, while RuBisCO gene expression is lost. Our results indicate that edible but non-essential, “supplemental” diatoms are used by D. capensis for producing ATP and NADPH, but not for carbon fixation. D. capensis has established a species-specifically designed metabolic system allowing carbon fixation to be performed only by its essential diatoms. The ability of D. capensis to ingest supplemental diatoms as kleptoplastids may be a flexible ecological strategy, to use these diatoms as “emergency supplies” while no essential diatoms are available.Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.We are grateful to Dr Benjamin Bailleul for discussing the photoactivity possibility of N. inconspicua, and to Prof Dieter Spiteller and Dr Adrien Lapointe for suggesting the feeding experiment of D. capensis with four selected diatoms. We also thank Dr Martin Stöckl, from the Bioimaging Centre at University of Konstanz, for technical support of the CLSM. Our thanks also go to Ms Selina Pucher and Mr Alexander H. Fürst for discussing the RT-qPCR data analyses and evaluation, and to Mr Niccolo Mosesso for discussing the TEM protocol improvement. This research was supported by the Bridging Stipend of University of Konstanz (No.638/20, granted to NY), the DFG Research Grant (No. YA 577/2-1, granted to NY), and the Symbiosis Model Systems Award (No. GBMF9360, granted to NY, RT, DGM, PGK) of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The CERCA Programme of Generalitat of Catalonia is also acknowledged. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zagrożenia zdrowotne wśród dzieci i młodzieży. T. 3

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed pape

Water quality - from the intake to the dispenser

Podstawowym źródłem zaopatrzenia ludzi w wodę pitną są wodociągi. Jakość ujmowanej do wodociągu wody może ulec pogorszeniu z powodu licznych zanieczyszczeń. Woda, w tym przypadku, powinna być oczyszczana za pomocą filtrów domowych. Najskuteczniejszym urządzeniem doczyszczającym wodę ze szkodliwych związków chemicznych oraz bakterii i wirusów jest zestaw składający się z filtra mechanicznego, sorpcyjnego, odwróconej osmozy i mineralizatora.Water supply systems are the basic source of potable water. Quality of the water entering a water supply system can be lowered by secondary pollutants. 1fthis is the case, water should be cleaned with the use of home filters. The most effective one in removing all water impurities is a system comprising a mechanical, sorptive, reverse osmosis filter