Smarte Sicherungslogik für das Stellwerk der nächsten Generation

Kapazitätssteigerungen, eine höhere Pünktlichkeit und eine Steigerung der Rollout-Geschwindigkeit von innovativen Technologien im Bereich der Leit- und Sicherungstechnik gehören zu den zentralen Herausforderungen, vor denen die Eisenbahn als Kernbaustein einer nachhaltigen Mobilität steht. Hierzu wird medial und auch in der Fachwelt der Einführung des Europäischen Zugbeeinflussungssystems ETCS eine wichtige Rolle zugesprochen. Erste Praxiserfahrungen zeigen jedoch, dass die isolierte Einführung von ETCS zur Erzielung der gewünschten positiven Effekte auf den Eisenbahnbetrieb nicht ausreichend ist. Stattdessen muss die Leit- und Sicherungstechnik im Systemverbund weiterentwickelt werden. Neben beispielsweise einer hinreichend genauen Ortung und einer leistungsfähigen Kommunikationstechnologie ist auch eine optimierte Sicherungslogik im Stellwerk, die optimal auf die Anforderung der zukünftigen Systemlandschaft abgestimmt ist, von zentraler Bedeutung. Die Sicherungslogik ist dabei für die sichere und effiziente Zuweisung von Infrastrukturressourcen an Zugfahrten verantwortlich und überwacht sicherheitskritische Zustandsänderungen auf Seiten der Eisenbahninfrastruktur. Im Rahmen dieser Doktorarbeit wurde ein Ansatz für eine solche „smarte“ Sicherungslogik unter der Bezeichnung „smartLogic“ von Grund auf (Grüne Wiese) systematisch entwickelt. Die smartLogic basiert dabei auf einem generischen und topologieunabhängigen Ansatz, der es unter anderem ermöglicht, Gleise in beliebiger Ausdehnung zu belegen und freizugeben, zusätzliche Sicherheitsanforderungen zur Laufzeit der Sicherungslogik in die Logik zu integrieren und auf Basis der zur Verfügung stehenden Informationen über die aktuelle Betriebssituation risikobasiert über die Zulassung von Zugfahrten zu entscheiden. Parallel zur Arbeit ist eine pretotypische Software-Implementierung der smartLogic im Eisenbahnbetriebsfeld Darmstadt entstanden. Erste Kapazitätsuntersuchungen unter deren Nutzung zeigen, dass signifikante Zeiteinsparungen durch die smartLogic erzielbar sind, die zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Kapazität oder der Pünktlichkeit, insbesondere in Knotenbereichen, beitragen können

Capacity benefits of dynamic route assignment in nodes – a qualitative analysis

In many densely populated areas, capacity increases in the railway network are necessary. However, space for additional tracks is limited. Therefore, increasing capacity of the existing network is a major goal of railway companies and politics. The railway control, command, and signalling (CCS) technology has an important impact on capacity. One of the major functions of the CCS is the assignment of track infrastructure to trains in nodes (route assignment). To maintain safety, the interlocking system blocks the assigned infrastructure so that it cannot be used by other trains. In order to maximise capacity, the safety-related minimum duration as well as the minimum spatial extension of the assignment should be as small as possible. Today, the interlocking systems usually use predefined, fixed train routes. As a result, often more track infrastructure is assigned to a train than necessary for a longer duration than required. For a long time, the preconditions for dynamic route assignment such as a precise localisation and a continuous communication between trackside CCS and the trains were not given. Emerging CCS technologies change this circumstance, so it seems reasonable to examine how an interlocking system that supports dynamic route assignment could contribute to the goal of increasing capacity. For this purpose, the article identifies requirements for the operating principles of such an interlocking and illustrates the capacity benefits of the dynamic route assignment approach with the aid of specific operational scenarios

The International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Format -Basic Concepts and Implementation of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Method Data Sets

Abstract In the context of its efforts to facilitate environmental sustainability, the European Commission is promoting and supporting the use of life cycle data and tools through its European Platform on LCA. Objectives of this project are to develop the International Reference Life Cycle Data System (ILCD) Handbook as authoritative guidance on LCA, to contribute key European scope quality data sets via the European Reference Life Cycle Database (ELCD) as well as to implement the ILCD Data Network as infrastructure for LCA data, open to all data developers. Both the ELCD database and the ILCD Data Network rely on the ILCD data format as reference format and for data exchange. In the initial release of the ILCD data format, only a draft specification for LCIA method data sets had been included, which has been enhanced and finalized in the meantime, addressing feedback from an earlier public stakeholder consultation process and reflecting insights when documenting the ILCD-recommended LCIA methods. The finalized ILCD method dataset specification is now implemented in software and will enable tools to easily import and apply new LCIA methods documented in the ILCD data format. In this paper, the new LCIA method dataset specification and its corresponding software implementation are presented. The history and idea behind the data format is briefly addressed as well as how the adoption among tools and databases is progressing. The basic structure of the ILCD data format is presented, with the different data set types and their relationships to each other. Then, the structure of the LCIA method data set and its modeling capabilities are explained. Furthermore, technical considerations for tool integration are discussed. Briefly, an exemplary LCIA method instance data set of a draft recommended LCIA method for Europe, foreseen for release by the European Commission's DG JRC, is presented to illustrate the use of the finalized dataset type implementation. Finally, an outlook on future developments is given

Energy Hub Gas: A Modular Setup for the Evaluation of Local Flexibility and Renewable Energy Carriers Provision

The ambitious targets for the reduction of green-house gas (GHG) emissions force the enhanced integration and installation of Renewable Energy Sources (RESs). Furthermore, the increased reliance of multiple sectors on electrical energy additionally challenges the electricity grid with high volatility from the demand side. In order to keep the transmission system operation stable and secure, the present approach adds local flexibility into the distribution system using the modular Energy Hub Gas (EHG) concept. For this concept, two different test cases are configured and evaluated. The two configured EHGs demonstrate the ability to provide flexibility and adaptability by reducing the difference between maximal and minimal load in the surrounding grid infrastructure by 30% in certain time periods. Furthermore, the average energy exchange is reduced by 8%. Therefore, by relieving the grid infrastructure in the local surrounding, the additional potential of RES is enabled and curtailment of existing ones can be reduced

Energy Hub Gas : A Multi-Domain System Modelling and Co-Simulation Approach

Coping with the complexity of future energy grids and the rising challenges of the energy transition to more renewable energy sources (RES), an Energy Hub Gas (EHG) concept appears to be a promising approach. This concept combines various technical components to a sector-coupling system network to support the electricity grid with ancillary and balancing services to cope with the fluctuating generation by RES and to provide (renewable) energy carriers. Additionally, the EHG serves as regional gateway and as a converter for large, centralized RES-feed-in and aggregation/distribution hub of local RES-feed-in. For combining several separate models from different domains to an EHG system model, a co-simulation approach is used with high regard on flexibility concerning the modelling aspects as well as high modularity to easily adapt the concept to further use cases. As main results presented in the paper, the coherence of the extended EHG system model and its usability for implementation in co-simulation can be shown in first simulations

openTA-Kalenderdienst – Eckpunkte. Stand: 17.12.2013, Version 1.0

Dieses Dokument beschreibt die Eckpunkte des Konzeptes des openTA-Kalenderdienstes. Der openTA-Kalenderdienst ist Teil des Forschungsvorhabens „Kooperativer Aufbau eines Fachportals Technikfolgenabschätzung“, gefördert durch die DFG, durchgeführt von den KIT-Instituten ITAS, IAI und der Bibliothek