191 research outputs found

    Der alte Athenatempel auf der Akropolis. III

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    Die PropylĂ€en der Akropolis von Athen I. Das ursprĂŒngliche Project des Mnesikles

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    Die PropylĂ€en der Akropolis von Athen II. Ueber die Gestalt des SĂŒdwestflĂŒgels

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    Der alte Athenatempel auf der Akropolis

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    Ueber die Ausgrabungen auf der Akropolis

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    Der Tempel in Korinth

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    Untersuchungen am Parthenon

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    Ueber die Ausgrabungen auf der Akropolis

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    Under Ă„ren 1977–89 bedrev arkeologiska institutionen vid UmeĂ„ universitet en forskningsundersökning av en boplats frĂ„n Ă€ldre jĂ€rnĂ„lder pĂ„ Genesmon i SjĂ€levad socken, norra Ångermanland. Under Ă„ren 1991–99 rekonstruerades delar av gĂ„rden i Gene fornby, ett hundratal meter dĂ€rifrĂ„n. Denna avhandling behandlar uppbyggnad och inredning av ett av gĂ„rdens lĂ„nghus, hus II, samt den treskeppiga byggnadstypens konstruktion och funktion i en större kontext. Syftet med avhandlingen Ă€r att beskriva vĂ€xelverkan mellan teori och praktik i rekonstruktion, att beskriva rekonstruktionsarbete som en förĂ€nderlig förklarings- och förstĂ„elseprocess samt att undersöka om rekonstruktion kan bidra till ökad förstĂ„else av arkeologiska huslĂ€mningar. Efter nĂ€ra 5000 Ă„rs dominans i södra och mellersta Skandinavien upphör lĂ„nghusen att vara det allmĂ€nna byggnadsskicket i slutet av yngre jĂ€rnĂ„lder. Varför detta sker blev en viktig frĂ„ga för förstĂ„elsen av byggnadstypen. En hermeneutisk modell anvĂ€nds för att beskriva hur tolkningarna under rekonstruktionsarbetet kom att inverka pĂ„ varandra i en serie av samverkande eller motverkande förklaringar till den arkeologiska lĂ€mningen. UtifrĂ„n arkeologiska och skriftliga kĂ€llor beskrivs dĂ€refter indelning och inredning av lĂ„nghuset i sju rumsfunktioner som kan benĂ€mnas bur, önd, skĂ„le, fjös, stall, lada och eldhus. Eldens roll, hedersplatsens placering och byggnadstypens förĂ€ndring i Island blev viktiga delar för att förstĂ„ byggnadens ideologiska betydelse. Genom flera experiment med uppvĂ€rmning har lösningar sökts pĂ„ problem med en rökig bostadsmiljö. Erfarenheterna leder slutligen fram till ett förslag pĂ„ lösning som ocksĂ„ illustrerar hur pĂ„tagligt förebilden kom att styra tolkningsarbetet. Rekonstruktionsarbetet ledde till resultat av olika karaktĂ€r: dels erfarenheter om konstruktion, funktion samt material - och tidsĂ„tgĂ„ng för uppförande av den specifika huslĂ€mningen hus II och dels nya generella frĂ„gor och ny kunskap som ökar förstĂ„elsen kring den treskeppiga byggnadstypen. LĂ„ngstrĂ€ckt form, takbĂ€rande stolpar, mitthĂ€rd och relation till kult och ideologi föreslĂ„s som karaktĂ€ristiska element för byggnadstypen över tid och rum och byggnadens relation till ideologi föreslĂ„s som en av förklaringarna till varför lĂ„nghusen försvinner i samband med kristnandet. NĂ€r övergĂ„ngen till ett nytt byggnadsskick med ramverkshus sker under vikingatidens slutskede diskuteras den politiska och kyrkliga makten som styrande till dessa genomgripande förĂ€ndringar.During the years of 1977-89 the Department of Archaeology at UmeĂ„ University conducted a scientific investigation of an Early Iron Age settlement at Genesmon in the parish of SjĂ€levad, northern Ångermanland. Subsequently, during the years 1991-99 parts of the farm were reconstructed at Gene Fornby, a couple of hundred meters away from the site. This thesis deals with the construction and furnishing of one of the farm’s longhouses (House II), and the wider context of the construction and function of the “three-aisled” building type. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the interaction between theory and practice in reconstruction, to describe the reconstruction process as a constantly changing process of explanation and understanding, and to investigate as to whether reconstructions can contribute to an increased understanding of archaeological house remains. At the end of the Late Iron Age, after nearly 5000 years of dominance in Southern and Central Scandinavia, the longhouse ceases to be the dominant form of construction. Understanding why this happened became an important problem in this work. During the reconstruction work, different interpretations influenced one another in a series of positive and negative feedbacks into the explanations of the archaeological remains. A hermeneutic model is used to describe this phenomenon. From archaeological and written sources, division and furnishing of the long-houses can be described in terms of seven room functions. These can be classified as storage bur, porch önd, living room skĂ„le, byre fjös, stable stall, barn lada and rough kitchen eldhus. In order to understand the ideological meaning of the buildings the role of the fire, the placement of the seat of honour and the change in the type of building in Iceland became important parts of this study. Numerous heating experiments have been undertaken in order to try to solve the problem of excessive smoke within the building. The experiments finally led to a possible solution that also serves to illustrate just how the model itself came to influence the process of interpretation. The reconstruction work led to results of different character: partly data on construction, function and materials – and the time frame for the construction of House II from its archaeological remains; and partly knowledge and new theories which increase our understanding of the three-aisled building form. The elongated form, roof supporting poles, central hearth and a close association with ritual and ideology are suggested as characteristic elements for this type of construction, throughout its chronological and spatial extent. The relationship between the building and Norse ideologies is suggested as one of the explanations for the longhouse’s dissappearance with the introduction of Christianity. At the end of the Viking Age, there is a transition into a new framework based method of construction, and the political and ecclesiastical authorities are discussed as having governed these widespread changes

    Ueber das Schatzhaus der Sikyonier in Olympia

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    Sex differences of vascular brain lesions in patients with atrial fibrillation.

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    OBJECTIVE To examine sex differences in prevalence, volume and distribution of vascular brain lesions on MRI among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS In this cross-sectional analysis, we included 1743 patients with AF (27% women) from the multicentre Swiss Atrial Fibrillation study (SWISS-AF) with available baseline brain MRI. We compared presence and total volume of large non-cortical or cortical infarcts (LNCCIs), small non-cortical infarcts, microbleeds (MB) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH, Fazekas score ≄2 for moderate or severe degree) between men and women with multivariable logistic regression. We generated voxel-based probability maps to assess the anatomical distribution of lesions. RESULTS We found no strong evidence for an association of female sex with the prevalence of all ischaemic infarcts (LNCCI and SNCI combined; adjusted OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.09, p=0.22), MB (adjusted OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.21, p=0.52) and moderate or severe WMH (adjusted OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.48, p=0.27). However, total WMH volume was 17% larger among women than men (multivariable adjusted multiplicative effect 1.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.35; p=0.04). Lesion probability maps showed a right hemispheric preponderance of ischaemic infarcts in both men and women, while WMH were distributed symmetrically. CONCLUSION Women had higher white matter disease burden than men, while volume and prevalence of other lesions did not differ. Our findings highlight the importance of controlling risk factors for cerebral small vessel disease in patients with AF, especially among women
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