Pamuk İpliğine Bağlı Hayatta Bir Umut Olmak: Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Birinci Sınıf Öğrencileri İçin İlk Yardım Eğitimi Projesi

Aim: In this study, theoretical and applied education is given to thevolunteer first class university students. At the end of theeducation, it is aimed to give first aider certification which hasinternational validity and to open first aid education center withinthe university.Materials and Methods: In the first step of the study, 78 of the firstyear volunteer School of Health students are given a book aboutfirst aid. They were requested to study that book during summertime. A test was applied when the schools are open and a pre-testwas applied to the 53 students who were found successful. A 16hours long education about “Basic First Aid” was given. The posttest was re-applied after the education. Consequentially they aretested with written and an oral exam on “Basic First Aid Training”.Results: The results of the test after education is also comparedbetween the group of successful students and students whofailed.When successful and failed students were evaluated amongthemselves and together with the same questions before and aftereducation, the difference in all questions after education isstatistically significant (p< 0.001).Conclusion: “First Aid Staff Certificate” with both national and aninternational validity was given to the thirty-one succesfull studentsand first aid education center was established within the university.Amaç: Bu çalışmada; gönüllü üniversite birinci sınıf öğrencilerine ilkyardım konusunda teorik ve uygulamalı eğitim ve eğitim sonunda başarılı olanlara uluslararası geçerliliği olan ilkyardımcı sertifikası verilmesi ile üniversite bünyesine ilkyardım eğitim merkezi açılması amaçlandı. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, Sağlık Yüksekokulu gönüllü birinci sınıf öğrencilerinden 78’ine ilkyardım kitabı gönderildi ve yaz dönemi kendilerinden kitaba çalışılması istendi. Okul açıldığında ilkyardım konusunda bir sınav yapıldı ve başarılı olan 53 öğrenciye ön test uygulandı ve 16 saat “Temel İlkyardım Eğitimine” alındı. Eğitim sonrasında tekrar son test uygulandı. Bulgular: Eğitimden sonra, başarılı ve başarısız öğrenciler arasında test sonuçları karşılaştırıldı. Başarılı ve başarısız öğrenciler kendi aralarında ve eğitimden önce ve sonra aynı sorularla değerlendirildiğinde, tüm sorularda eğitimden sonra istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark izlendi (p<0.001) Sonuç: Hem uluslararası hem de ulusal geçerlil37. Abella BS, Alvarado JP, Myklebust H, Edelson DP, Barry A, O'Hearn N, et al..Quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation during in-hospital cardiac arrest. JAMA. 2005;293:305-10 38. Harvey PR, Higenbottam CV, Owen A, Hulme J, Bion JF. Peer-led training and assessment in basic life support for healthcare students: synthesis of literature review and fifteen years practical experience. Resuscitation. 2012;83(7):894-9. 39. Patidar AB, Sharma A. Attitude of School Children towards Basic Life Support in Punjab, India. Int J Health Sci Res. 2014;4(5):193–01iği olan bir “İlk Yardımcı Sertifikası” başarılı olan 31 öğrenciye verildi ve üniversite bünyesinde ilkyardım eğitim merkezi açıldı

Environmental Impacts of Heavy Metals and Their Bioremediation

Fast consumption, increasing energy needs, unplanned urbanization, and unconscious discharge of industrial wastes cause pollution of air, soil, food and water resources. Among these pollutants, heavy metals and metalloids are not biodegradable and accumulate in compartments such as water, soil and plants, threatening human and environmental health. Monitoring studies show that heavy metals such as arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, zinc, copper, chromium and trace elements are in first place according to their availability in the environment. Preventive and remedial measures should be taken to reduce the effects of heavy metals. Legal regulations, monitoring studies, the use of soluble and non-toxic compounds in environmental compartments (air, water, soil and plants) in industrial processes, heavy metal-free pesticides, appropriate wastewater treatment plants and use of renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels are among the priority measures to reduce concentrations of heavy metals in the environment. As a bioremediation approach, removing toxic wastes from the environment by using bioaccumulatory organisms such as plants or mussels maintains its importance among studies aimed at recovery. Studies have shown that integrated methods - especially the combination of suitable plants and microorganisms - are very effective in mitigating the effect of heavy metals in the environment

Trakya Bölgesinde çeltik Bitkisi Ve Toprakta Ağır Metal Içeriğinin Belirlenmesi

Çalışmamız da 60 kahverengi pirinç ve ilgili 20 çeltik toprağında esansiyel olmayan toksik ağır metaller (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) ve mikronutrientler (Cu, Zn, Mn,) araştırıldı.Meriç-Ergene nehri havzasından toplanan kahverengi pirinç ve toprak örneklerinin toplam ağır metal içerikleri ICP OES kullanılarak belirlendi. Çeltik toprağında tespit edilen Cd, Cr ve Ni konsantrasyonları maksumun izin verilebilir limitlerin üzerinde tespit edildi. Kahverengi pirinç örneklerinde ise ölçülen tüm ağır metallerin konsantrasyonları WHO tarafından belirlenen maksimum izin verilen limitlerin altında tespit edildi. Ağır metallerin Bioakumülasyon Faktörü hesaplandığında Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni> Cr = Cd = Pb şeklinde sıralandı. Bu sonuç mikronütrientlerin esansiyel olmayan toksik ağır metallerin daha fazla bioakumüle olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak kahve rengi pirinç örneklerin de tespit edilen ağır metal konsantrasyonları insan sağlığı açısından önemli bir risk teşkil etmemektedir.In this study, concentrations of nonessential toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) and the micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn,) in sixty brown rice (O.sativa) and twenty relevant paddy soil samples were investigated. Soil and brown rice samples from Evros-Ergene river basin were extracted for their total heavy metals content by dry digestion method and then determined using ICP OES. Results of this study revealed that the concentrations of Cd, Cr and Ni in the soils of studied sites were above than the maximum allowable levels. The average concentration of all metals in brown rice samples was below than the maximum allowable levels of WHO guideline. The ranking order of bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for heavy metals was Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni> Cr = Cd = Pb indicating that the accumulation of micronutrients was more than that of nonessential toxic heavy metals. Consequently, these rice samples cannot be an important source of all metals causing risk to human health

Investigation Of Protective Effect Of Hypericum Perforatum On Ethanol-İnduced Acute Gastric Mucosal Injury İn Rats

Bu çalışma sıçanlarda absolü alkol ile oluşturulan gastrik ülserde H. perforatum'un antiapoptotik ve antiinflamatuvar etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır.This study was conducted to evaluate the antiapoptototic and antiinflammatory effect of Hypericum perforatum in the rats induced gastric ulcer by absolute ethanol.

Künt Göğüs Travması Sonrası Gelişen Kardiyak Hasarda Kafeik Asit Fenetil Ester (cape) 'in Etkilerinin İncelenmesi

Bu çalışmada künt göğüs travması sonrası meydana gelen kardiyak hasar üzerine Kafeik asit fenetil ester (CAPE)’ nin etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Çalışmada 40 adet erişkin erkek wistar albino sıçan 4 gruba ayrıldı; kontrol, kardiyak kontüzyon, kardiyak kontüzyon+CAPE ve CAPE. CAPE (10 ?mol/kg) uygulaması kardiyak kontüzyon oluşumunu takiben 7 gün boyunca intraperitoneal olarak gerçekleştirildi. Deney süresinin sonunda, anestezi altında sıçanlardan kalp dokusu ve kan alındı. Kardiyak histopatoloji hematoksilen-eozin (H&E) boyama ile belirlendi. Kardiyomiyositlerde Tümör Nekrozu Faktörü-alfa (TNF-?) ve indüklenebilir nitrik oksit sentaz (iNOS) ekspresyonu indirekt immünohistokimya ile gösterildi. Kardiyak apoptozis TUNEL yöntemi ile gösterildi. Spektrofotometrik yöntem kullanılarak serum Kreatin kinaz (CK), kreatin kinaz-kas / beyin (CK-MB) ve laktat dehidrojenaz (LDH) düzeyleri belirlendi. Serum Kardiyak Troponin I (C-TI) düzeyi ELISA yöntemi ile belirlendi. Kardiyak kontüzyon grubu kardiyomiyositlerinde miyofibril kaybı saptandı. Kardiyak kontüzyon grubunda kontrol grubuna göre artmış apoptoz, iNOS ve TNF-? ekspresyonu gözlendi. Ayrıca, kardiyak kontüzyon grubunda artmış CK, CK-MB, LDH ve C-TI düzeyleri saptandı. CAPE uygulaması hem histolojik hem de biyokimyasal bulgularda anlamlı bir azalmaya neden oldu. Çalışmanın sonuçları, künt göğüs travmasından sonrasında gelişen kardiyak kontüzyon hasarında CAPE'nin tedavi edici etkilerini ortaya koymaktadır.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on cardiac damage after blunt chest injury. Forty adult wistar albino male rats were divided into 4 groups; control, cardiac contusion, cardiac contusion + CAPE and CAPE group. CAPE (10 ?mol/kg) was administered intraperitoneally for 7 days following cardiac contusion formation. At the end of the experiment period, heart tissue and blood were obtained from the rats under anesthesia. Cardiac histopathology was determined by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-?) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cardiomyocytes were demonstrated by indirect immunohistochemistry. Cardiac apoptosis was demonstrated by the TUNEL method. Serum Creatine kinase (CK), Creatine kinase-muscle/brain (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were determined by spectrophotometric method. Serum Cardiac Troponin I (C-TI) level determined by ELISA method. Myofibril loss was detected in the cardiomyocytes of the cardiac contusion group. Increased apoptosis and TNF-? expression were observed in the cardiac contusion group compared to the control group. Also, increased CK, CK-MB, LDH and C-TI levels were determined in cardiac contusion group. CAPE administration resulted in a significant reduction in both histological and biochemical findings. The results of the study demonstrate the therapeutic effects of CAPE in cardiac contusion damage after blunt chest trauma by different methods

Toxic effects of some pharmaceuticals drug residues in waters

Doktora TeziÇevresel analizlerde geleneksel kimyasal maddelerin yanında farmasötiklerinde kirletici sınıfa dahil olduğu yapılan çalışmalar sonucu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmamızda kış ve bahar döneminde alınan su numunelerinde İbuprofen, Naproksen, Diklofenak, Salisilik asit (Asetil salisilik asit metaboliti) ve kafein bileşenleri SPE-GC-MS'de derivatize edilerek belirlendi. Bu bileşenler antienflamatuvar, analjezik ve antipiretik olarak insan sağlığını korumada ve veterinerlikte reçetesiz olarak da sıkça kullanılmaktadır. Bileşenler için uygun pH, derivatizasyon ve SPE şartları tespit edilerek ölçümleri yapıldı. Kafein hariç uygun pH 2 olarak tespit edildi. Waters Oasis, C18 ve MCX kartuşlarının geri kazanım oranları ve kullanım kolaylığı sonucunda Waters Oasis HLB kartuş, ekstraksiyon için tercih edildi. Yüzey suyu numunelerinde bu bileşenler 0.0015-121.13 ng/l aralığında tespit edildi. Evsel ve endüstriyel atıksu arıtma tesisinden deşarj edilen ilaçların yüzey sularında akıntı yönünde önemli mesafeler boyunca kalıcı oldukları belirlendi. Naproksen, İbuprofen, Diklofenak ve Salisilik asitin akut toksisiteleri V.fisheri bakterisi ile ToxAlert 100® kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Seçilen maddeler asidik özellikte, çok polar ve reçetesiz sık satılan analjeziklerdir. Doz-yanıt eğrileri çizilerek lineer regresyon analizi ve probit analizleri yapılarak %50 etkili konsantrasyonları (EC50) 11.79-54.39 mg/l ve toksik birimleri (TUs) 1.83-8.48 aralığında hesaplandı. Sucul ortamlarda farmasötiklerin tek başlarına akut etkilerinin olasılık dışı olduğu belirlendi. Ancak karışımın (İNDS) akut toksisitesi V.fisheri bakterisi kullanılarak değerlendirildiğinde EC50 7.09 mg/l ve toksik birim (TUs) 14.10 hesaplanarak organizma için çok toksik olduğu bulundu. Anahtar kelimeler: Su analizi, GC-MS, SPE, Derivatizasyon, Naproksen, Diklofenak, İbuprofen, Salisilik asit, Kafein, ,Toksisite, Vibrio fisheri.It has been determined in our studies that pharmaceuticals besides conventional chemical substances were included in pollution classes in environmental analyses. In our study, in water samples taken during winter and summer periods, Ibuprofen, Naproxen, Diclofenac, Salicylic acid (metabolite of acetyl salicylic acid) and caffein components were determined as making derivatization in SPE-GC-MS. These components are used frequently in veterinary and in the protection of human health as anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic without prescription. By determining appropriate pH, derivatization and SPE conditions for components measurements were done. Appropriate pH was determined as pH 2 except caffein. In the result of recovery rates of Waters Oasis HLB, C18 and MCX cartridges and usage easiness, Water Oasis HLB cartridge was preferred for extraction. These components were determined in the range of 0.0015-121.13 ng/L In surface water samples. It was determined that drugs, discharged from municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, were persistent along important distances in the direction flows in surface waters. Acute toxicities of Naproxen, İbuprofen, Diclofenac and salicylic acid were evaluated by using ToxAlert® 100 toxicity test with V.fisheri bacteria. Selected substances have acidic and polar properties and they are analgesics, sold too much without any prescription. The %50 Effective Concentrations (EC50) were calculated in the range of 11.79- 54.39 ng/l and toxic units in the range of 1.83-8.48 ng/l by making linear regression analysis and probite analysis, by drawing dose-response curves. In aquatic environments, acute effects of pharmaceuticals alone were determined improbable. On the other hand, acute toxicity of the mixture (İNDS), calculated EC50 7.9 mg/L and toxic unit (TUs) 14.10, when evaluated by using V.fisheri bacteria, was found to be very toxic for organisms. Key words: Water analysis, GC-MS, SPE, Derivatization, Naproxen, Diclofenac, İbuprofen, Salicylic acid, Caffein, ,Toxicity, Vibrio fisheri

CONCENTRATIONS OF DIFFERENT MACRO AND TRACE ELEMENTS IN SEDIMENT AND FISH SAMPLES FROM THE COAST OF TEKIRDAG MARMARA SEA

Monitoring the aquatic organisms (especially bottom-living organisms) and sediment samples is a common method used for environmental toxicology studies. This study aims to investigate the presence of macro and trace elements in four different deep sea fish (Solea vulgaris, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Mullus surmuletus, and Lophius piscatorius) and sediment samples in the Marmara Sea. For this aim, the fish was collected from four different stations along the Tekirdag province coast of the Marmara Sea in the spring of 2018. The macro and trace element concentrations were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The sediment samples were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Total Organic Carbon analyses. The findings showed that the determined mean macro and trace element concentrations in the deep sea fish muscle tissues and sediment samples were Ca > P > K> Na > S> Al > Mg > B > Co > Se > Pt >Sb and Ca > Al > Mg > Na> S> K > P > B > Co > Pt > Sb, respectively. The results showed that many strong correlations (rmax: 0.794) were determined by considering the fish species and the locations for the target elements. Although these correlations included new information, they were not clear enough to draw general conclusions. Clear results related sources of pollutants have not been achieved using Principal Component Analysis. This study indicated that all the carbon found in sediments is sourced from inorganic carbon in the Marmara Sea. In conclusion, these data obtained in this study suggest that there is no critical hazard in the Sea of Marmara. This data have vital importance for the evaluation of environmental risks and the creation of environmental disaster scenarios in the future

Concentrations of different macro and trace elements in sediment and fish samples from the coast of tekirdag marmara sea

Monitoring the aquatic organisms (especially bottom-living organisms) and sediment samples is a common method used for environmental toxicology studies. This study aims to investigate the presence of macro and trace elements in four different deep sea fish (Solea vulgaris, Merlangius merlangus euxinus, Mullus surmuletus, and Lophius piscatorius) and sediment samples in the Marmara Sea. For this aim, the fish was collected from four different stations along the Tekirdag province coast of the Marmara Sea in the spring of 2018. The macro and trace element concentrations were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. The sediment samples were evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Total Organic Carbon analyses. The findings showed that the determined mean macro and trace element concentrations in the deep sea fish muscle tissues and sediment samples were Ca > P > K> Na > S> Al > Mg > B > Co > Se > Pt >Sb and Ca > Al > Mg > Na> S> K > P > B > Co > Pt > Sb, respectively. The results showed that many strong correlations (rmax: 0.794) were determined by considering the fish species and the locations for the target elements. Although these correlations included new information, they were not clear enough to draw general conclusions. Clear results related sources of pollutants have not been achieved using Principal Component Analysis. This study indicated that all the carbon found in sediments is sourced from inorganic carbon in the Marmara Sea. In conclusion, these data obtained in this study suggest that there is no critical hazard in the Sea of Marmara. This data have vital importance for the evaluation of environmental risks and the creation of environmental disaster scenarios in the future. © 2021 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved

Analysis of heavy metal pollution in Gala lake and its water sources

Meriç-Ergene havzasında yer alan, Meriç Nehrinin çıkışında, Edirne ili, Enez ilçesinin 10 km kuzeybatısında yer alan, Meriç Deltasındaki Gala Gölü çevresinde 2003 ve 2004 yıllarında 15 ayrı noktadan alman toprak numunelerinde, 2004 yılı Nisan-Kasım ayları arasında, göl içine 4 ayrı noktadan ve gölü besleyen su kaynaklan ile göl ayağı sonundaki noktalardan su ve sediment numunelerinde ağır metal analizleri yapılmıştır. Gala Gölü çevresinden alman toprak numunelerinde krom, kobalt ve nikel (özellikle gölü besleyen kaynakların kenarından alman numunelerde) yüksek çıkmıştır. Gala Gölü içi ve gölü besleyen kaynaklardan alman su ve sediment numunelerinin çoğunda kadmiyum, kurşun, mangan, kobalt ve bakır sınır değerlerin üzerinde çıkmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda, özellikle çeltik ekimi yapılan aylarda, Meriç nehrinden dolaylı yollarla gelen yıkama sularının Gala Gölü ve çevresindeki alanın kalitesinde bozulmalara neden olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. Büyük bir kısmı, İpsala Ovası ve Telmata Ovasından gelen kirlilik, tüm gölü etkilemektedir.Gala Lake is located in Meric Delta, in Meric-Ergene basin, in the outlet of Meric River, which is 1 0 km northwest of Enez, a district of Edirne city. Heavy metal analysis have been made in water and sediment samples obtained from 4 different parts of Gala Lake, its water sources, and its outlet in between April- Novenber, 2004, and in soil samples obtained from 15 different locations around the Gala Lake in 2003-2004. Chorome, Cobalt and Nickel levels were found to be high in soil samples obtained from the around of Gala Lake, especially in samples collected from the regions near the water sources. In most of the water and sediment samples obtained from Gala Lake its water sources, cadmium, lead, cobalt and copper levels were above the acceptable limits. As a result, it can be concluded that indirect streams of Meric River impairs the quality Gala Lake and its surrounding area, especially in months rice is planting. Pollution, sourcing from İpsala and Telmata Plains, seems to affect whole lake

Endüstriyel kirlilik sonucu kahverengi pirinçte olusan agir metal kirliliginin degerlendirilmesi]

Wetlands are special areas where rice plants grow. The contamination of these areas directly affects the brown rice. Because, during the time the rice plant grows, it is exposed to this water as if the sea creatures were exposed to sea water. In this study, concentrations of nonessential toxic heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb) and the micronutrients (Cu, Zn, Mn,) in twenty brown rice (O.sativa) was investigated. The total heavy metal contents of the brown rice samples collected from the Ipsala-Meriç-Uzunköprü regions were determined in the ICP OES. Concentrations of all metals measured in brown rice have been determined below the maximum permissible limits. © 2017 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved