Modelo de negocio y estrategia editorial: el caso del wsj.com

La investigación sobre modelos de negocios en la industria de la comunicación se ha caracterizado por un elevado grado de experimentación y la ausencia de respuestas unívocas al problema de la rentabilidad de los contenidos digitales. En este escenario, The Wall Street Journal suele ser mencionado como un referente del modelo de suscripción. Este artículo demuestra empíricamente que el modelo del diario económico más prestigioso del mundo ofrece un modelo híbrido en el que los contenidos gratuitos representan el 73% del total publicado en la portada del wsj.com y analiza cuáles son las características comunes que suelen compartir aquellos contenidos de pago frente a las compartidas por los contenidos gratuitos

Nuevos modelos de negocio, creación de valor y el cambiante rol de la prensa en los sistemas democráticos

Esta comunicación pretende profundizar en la relación que existe entre una prensa rentable y una democracia sana. La ausencia de un modelo de negocio que haga rentable el trabajo de las redacciones digitales plantea serios interrogantes sobre el modo en que los medios desempeñan tres funciones básicas para la normalidad de los sistemas democráticos: la selección de información, la vigilancia de los poderes políticos y económicos, y la generación del discurso que propicie un debate público. La pérdida de la exclusividad en la difusión de la información, el cuestionamiento de la autoridad de los periodistas como actores independientes y la desfragmentación de los mensajes inherente a internet ha debilitado la propia creación de valor de los medios tradicionales, lo que se ha derivado en una pérdida en la capacidad de generar ingresos por su actividad principal. Desde la investigación sobre modelos de negocios en la industria de la información apenas se ha dado respuesta a este problema, en parte por la escasa uniformidad conceptual, teórica y me-todológica, y en parte por una excesiva orientación hacia uno de los elementos de los modelos de negocio: los ingresos.This paper aims to analyze the relationship between a profitable press and a healthy democracy. The lack of a profitable business model for digital editions raises serious questions about how the media perform three key functions for the normality of democratic systems: selection of information, monitoring of political and economic powers, and generation of discourse that encourages the public debate. The loss of exclusivity in the dissemination of information, questioning the authority of journalists as independent actors, and the defragmentation of messages inherent to internet has undermined the creation of value of traditional media, which has resulted in a loss in the ability to generate income from their main activity. Research on business models in the media industry has barely responded to this problem in part by the limited conceptual, theoretical and methodological uniformity, and in part by an excessive focus on one element of the models business, the incomes

Paid news vs free news: evolution of the WSJ.com business model from a content perspective (2010-2012)

The present article analyses the development of the paid content published on the homepage of The Wall Street Journal’s digital version (from 2010 to 2012) as well as the influence that the variables of type of subject matter, the section in which the content appear and the territorial scope have on the probability of certain contents being paid for. The authors of this article established that the WSJ.com strategy has been evolving from an open paywall model to a much more restrictive one. They also came to the conclusion that payment is closely linked to dissimilar and more specialized content with higher added value that is not easily imitated by the competition.El presente artículo analiza la evolución de los contenidos de pago publicados en la portada de la edición digital de The Wall Street Journal (2010 a 2012) y la influencia que tres variables –tipo de asunto, sección en la que se incluye el contenido, y ámbito geográfico– tienen en la probabilidad de que un contenido fuera de pago. Los autores demuestran que la estrategia del WSJ.com ha ido evolucionando desde un modelo paywall abierto a otro mucho más restrictivo. Asimismo demuestran que el cobro está estrechamente relacionado con contenido diferenciados y especializados, de alto valor añadido y difícilmente imitables por la competencia

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Modelo de negocio y estrategia editorial: el caso del wsj.com

La investigación sobre modelos de negocios en la industria de la comunicación se ha caracterizado por un elevado grado de experimentación y la ausencia de respuestas unívocas al problema de la rentabilidad de los contenidos digitales. En este escenario, The Wall Street Journal suele ser mencionado como un referente del modelo de suscripción. Este artículo demuestra empíricamente que el modelo del diario económico más prestigioso del mundo ofrece un modelo híbrido en el que los contenidos gratuitos representan el 73% del total publicado en la portada del wsj.com y analiza cuáles son las características comunes que suelen compartir aquellos contenidos de pago frente a las compartidas por los contenidos gratuitos

Paid news vs free news: evolution of the WSJ.com business model from a content perspective (2010-2012)

The present article analyses the development of the paid content published on the homepage of The Wall Street Journal’s digital version (from 2010 to 2012) as well as the influence that the variables of type of subject matter, the section in which the content appear and the territorial scope have on the probability of certain contents being paid for. The authors of this article established that the WSJ.com strategy has been evolving from an open paywall model to a much more restrictive one. They also came to the conclusion that payment is closely linked to dissimilar and more specialized content with higher added value that is not easily imitated by the competition.El presente artículo analiza la evolución de los contenidos de pago publicados en la portada de la edición digital de The Wall Street Journal (2010 a 2012) y la influencia que tres variables –tipo de asunto, sección en la que se incluye el contenido, y ámbito geográfico– tienen en la probabilidad de que un contenido fuera de pago. Los autores demuestran que la estrategia del WSJ.com ha ido evolucionando desde un modelo paywall abierto a otro mucho más restrictivo. Asimismo demuestran que el cobro está estrechamente relacionado con contenido diferenciados y especializados, de alto valor añadido y difícilmente imitables por la competencia

Common variants in Alzheimer’s disease and risk stratification by polygenic risk scores

Genetic discoveries of Alzheimer’s disease are the drivers of our understanding, and together with polygenetic risk stratification can contribute towards planning of feasible and efficient preventive and curative clinical trials. We first perform a large genetic association study by merging all available case-control datasets and by-proxy study results (discovery n = 409,435 and validation size n = 58,190). Here, we add six variants associated with Alzheimer’s disease risk (near APP, CHRNE, PRKD3/NDUFAF7, PLCG2 and two exonic variants in the SHARPIN gene). Assessment of the polygenic risk score and stratifying by APOE reveal a 4 to 5.5 years difference in median age at onset of Alzheimer’s disease patients in APOE ɛ4 carriers. Because of this study, the underlying mechanisms of APP can be studied to refine the amyloid cascade and the polygenic risk score provides a tool to select individuals at high risk of Alzheimer’s disease

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research