42 research outputs found
Caractéristiques associées au trouble oppositionnel, au trouble des conduites et à leur cooccurrence
L’objectif de cette Ă©tude est de dĂ©terminer si des corrĂ©lats (ou des combinaisons de corrĂ©lats) personnels, familiaux et sociaux permettent de discriminer des enfants (n = 336) qui prĂ©sentent un trouble oppositionnel (TO), un trouble des conduites (TC) ou ces deux troubles en cooccurrence (TC + TO). Les enfants sont âgĂ©s entre 6 ans et 13 ans et ont Ă©tĂ© recrutĂ©s parmi des enfants recevant des services spĂ©cialisĂ©s de l’école ou du centre jeunesse pour des difficultĂ©s comportementales ou familiales. Les rĂ©sultats suggèrent que la personnalitĂ© antisociale des parents et le manque de supervision parentale sont davantage associĂ©s au TC, tandis que le trouble dĂ©ficitaire de l’attention avec hyperactivitĂ© et l’inconstance de la discipline caractĂ©risent davantage les enfants ayant un TO. Les enfants du groupe TO + TC semblent cumuler les corrĂ©lats associĂ©s Ă chaque trouble. Ces diffĂ©rences devraient ĂŞtre prises en compte dans l’intervention Ă offrir aux enfants.The purpose of the study is to determine whether pattern of association with psychological, social and family correlates are similar for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and ODD + CD. Participants were 336 boys and girls (age range from 6 to 13 years) in treatment for disruptive behaviour disorders including 123 children with ODD, 39 with CD “only”, and 174 with ODD + CD. Results showed that parent’s antisocial personality and poor supervision characterized children with CD whereas children with ODD presented with more attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms and inconsistent discipline. All these correlates characterized children with ODD + CD. These results suggest the importance of taking into account these differences between groups in children treatment.El objetivo de este estudio es determinar si los correlatos (o las combinaciones de correlatos) personales, familiares y sociales permiten discriminar a los niños (n=336) que presentan un trastorno de oposiciĂłn (TO), un trastorno de la conducta (TC) o ambos trastornos en co-ocurrencia (TC+TO). Los niños tienen entre 6 y 13 años y fueron reclutados entre los niños que reciben servicios especializados para las dificultades comportamentales o familiares por parte de la escuela o del centro para la juventud. Los resultados sugieren que la personalidad antisocial de los padres y la falta de supervisiĂłn parental están más asociados al TC, mientras que el trastorno de dĂ©ficit de la atenciĂłn con hiperactividad y la inconstancia de la disciplina caracterizan más a los niños que sufren de un TO. Los niños del grupo TO +TC parecen acumular los correlatos asociados a cada trastorno. Estas diferencias deberĂan tenerse en cuenta durante la intervenciĂłn ofrecida a los niños.O objetivo deste estudo Ă© determinar se correlações (ou combinações de correlações) pessoais, familiares e sociais permitem discriminar crianças (n=336) que apresentam um transtorno oposicional (TO), um transtorno de conduta (TC) ou os dois transtornos em concomitância (TC+TO). As crianças do estudo tĂŞm entre 6 e 13 anos e foram recrutadas entre as crianças que recebiam serviços especializados da escola ou do centro da criança e do adolescente por dificuldades comportamentais ou familiares. Os resultados sugerem que a personalidade antisocial dos pais e a falta de supervisĂŁo parental sĂŁo mais associadas ao TC, ao passo que o transtorno deficitário de atenção com a hiperatividade e a inconstância da disciplina caracterizam mais as crianças que sofrem de um TO. As crianças do grupo TO+TC demonstram acumular correlações associadas a cada transtorno. Estas diferenças deveriam ser levadas em consideração na intervenção feita junto Ă s crianças
Participation in organized activities and conduct problems in elementary school: the mediating effect of social skills
The goal of this study was to test a mediation model in which social skills mediate the relationship between participation
in organized activities and conduct problems among elementary school children. Two moderators of these associations
were also examined, namely, gender and reception of special education services. A total of 563 children (45% girls;
Mage = 8.44) were surveyed. The findings revealed that, after controlling for important covariates, more frequent activity
participation predicted better social skills, which, in turn, predicted fewer subsequent conduct problems among children.
These associations were not moderated by gender or reception of special education services. These findings suggest that
organized activities may provide a positive developmental context for children with conduct problems
Évaluation du potentiel d'apprentissage chez les enfants de sept et de huit ans provenant de milieux socio-économiques favorisés et défavorisés
Trajectories of indirect aggression
Abstract : Though conceptually distinct from other behavior problems, indirect aggression (IA) is correlated with physical aggression and is linked to oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder from childhood to adolescence. Thus, IA could be part of the clinical picture of children with identified conduct problems (CP). However, trajectories of IA have not been studied in children with CP. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the mean trajectory of IA from 7 to 14 years of age in children with (n = 328;47.6% girls) and without (n = 320; 51.3% girls) early clinically significant CP using both parent and teacher ratings. We then examined if sub-groups of children distinguished themselves by their use of IA over time and tested for sex differences. Latent growth models showed that children with CP used IA at higher rates over time than children without CP. Regardless of this higher frequency, the use of IA in both groups of children was best described by down-turned curvilinear trajectories peaking at 10 years of age. Growth mixture models showed that children without CP, according to parent and teacher ratings, and children with CP, according to parent ratings, both followed two trajectories of IA over time, with, respectively, 10% to 14% of them following a high trajectory. As for sex differences, the use of IA of boys and girls without CP did not differ, but differences emerged for children with CP, with girls using IA more frequently. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed
Gravité de la consommation de psychotropes des adolescents ayant un trouble des conduites
Bien que le trouble des conduites soit reconnu pour être le trouble le plus associé à une consommation problématique de psychotropes, relativement peu de recherches ont examiné les caractéristiques de cette consommation chez des jeunes ayant spécifiquement un diagnostic de trouble des conduites. À partir de plusieurs indicateurs de gravité de la consommation de psychotropes, l’étude propose de tracer un portrait de cette consommation chez des garçons et des filles présentant un trouble des conduites (N = 181) et de déterminer si ce portrait se distingue de celui d’autres jeunes dont les comportements antisociaux ne respectent pas les critères diagnostiques de ce trouble (N = 204). L’étude montre que les jeunes qui ont un trouble des conduites se distinguent des autres jeunes sur la presque totalité des indicateurs de gravité mesurés. L’usage de drogues dures, la fréquence élevée de la consommation et la présence de conséquences négatives liées à la prise des psychotropes sont les indicateurs les plus étroitement associés à la présence de ce trouble. Si ces résultats illustrent la gravité du portrait de consommation de ces jeunes, ils suggèrent aussi que la présence de conséquences négatives peut constituer un important levier pour l’intervention.Although conduct disorder is among disorders mostly associated with substance misuse at the adolescence, relatively few studies examined the characteristics of this consumption of teenagers who have a diagnosis of conduct disorder. Based on many indicators of the severity of the substance consumption, the purposes of this study were to describe substance consumption pattern of boys and girls with conduct disorder (N = 181) and to determine if their consumption is different from that of teenagers who also have antisocial behaviour, but no diagnosis of conduct disorder (N = 204). The results showed that youths with conduct disorder are significantly different from youths without conduct disorder on almost all indicators of severity. The use of hard drugs, regular consumption and presence of negative consequences associated with substance use were the indicators mostly related to the presence of a conduct disorder. These findings are examined in the perspective of treatment programs for youths with conduct disorder
Early risk predictors of girls’ indirect aggression from childhood to early adolescence in an at-risk sample
Abstract : The present study aimed first to examine the trajectories of indirect aggression among girls from disadvantaged neighborhoods from childhood (Mage = 8.38, SD = .91, range = 6.58–10.25) to early adolescence (Mage = 11.28, SD = .93, range = 9.33–13.83), after controlling for physical aggression. Second, it aimed to identify possible individual, family, and peer risk factors, assessed in the early school years, which predispose subgroups of girls to use indirect aggression in an intense and persistent way. Three trajectories of indirect aggression were identified: 18.9 % (n = 57) of the girls followed a trajectory that started out at the mean and then increased (“mean-increasing”), 44.5 % (n = 134) of the girls followed a trajectory that started out at the mean and then decreased (“mean-decreasing”), and 36.5 % (n = 110) of the girls followed a trajectory that started out below the mean and then decreased (“low-decreasing”). Results from univariate analyses suggest that individual, family and peer risk factors predicted membership in the subgroup of girls who use indirect aggression more frequently and increasingly. However, in multivariate analyses, only the individual factor of surgency/ extraversion predicted membership in this subgroup of girls. Hostile parent–child relationships also differentiated girls in the “mean-decreasing” group from the “low-decreasing” group. Interventions aimed at changing negative temperamental tendencies and interpersonal experiences with family and peers may break the cycle that reinforces frequent and persistent use of indirect aggression
Profils de consommation d’adolescents, garçons et filles, desservis par des centres jeunesse
Les dĂ©cideurs et les intervenants des centres jeunesse (CJ) du QuĂ©bec ont souvent attirĂ© l’attention sur le dĂ©fi d’intervention que reprĂ©sente la consommation de psychotropes des adolescents qu’ils desservent. Afin de dĂ©terminer jusqu’à quel point la consommation pour cette clientèle de jeunes constitue un problème et de mieux cibler les jeunes auprès desquels il est prioritaire d’intervenir, cette Ă©tude propose d’établir le profil de consommation de psychotropes et d’identifier des caractĂ©ristiques personnelles, familiales et sociales associĂ©es. L’échantillon est composĂ© de 408 jeunes (dont 127 filles) de 12 Ă 17 ans pris en charge par des CJ du QuĂ©bec (MontrĂ©al, QuĂ©bec, Estrie, CĂ´te-Nord). La consommation de psychotropes est Ă©valuĂ©e Ă l’aide de l’Indice de gravitĂ© d’une toxicomanie pour adolescents (Germain et coll. 1998). L’étude fait ressortir trois profils de consommateurs dont la consommation est soit faible (28,9 %), modĂ©rĂ©e (37,3 %) ou Ă©levĂ©e (33,8 %). Ces profils se retrouvent dans des proportions comparables chez les garçons et les filles. Les jeunes ayant une consommation Ă©levĂ©e sont plus âgĂ©s et frĂ©quentent un plus grand nombre d’amis consommateurs que les jeunes des autres profils de consommateurs. Ces rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s dans une perspective d’intervention.Policymakers and educators from youth centres in Quebec have often emphasized the challenge represented by substance users in their treatment programs. In order to determine the extent to which their consumption represents a problem and to better identify those in need of urgent intervention, this study established consumption profiles and examined the associated personal, family and social correlates. The sample was composed of 408 adolescents (127 girls), aged 12 to 17 years old, who received services from Quebec’s youth centres (Montreal, Quebec City, the Eastern Townships, and the North Shore). Three groups of substance users were identified using the Addiction Severity Index for Youth (Germain et al., 1998): 1) light consumption (28.9%), 2) moderate consumption (37.3%), and 3) severe consumption (33.8%). A similar proportion of boys and girls were found within each group. Youth who had a severe consumption profile were older and had more substance users as friends than youth in the other profiles. Implications for substance use treatment in youth centres are discussed.Los responsables de la toma de decisiones y las personas de apoyo de los centros para la juventud de Quebec han llamado la atenciĂłn, a menudo, sobre el desafĂo que representa el consumo de psicotrĂłpicos de los adolescentes a los que proveen servicios. A fin de determinar hasta quĂ© punto el consumo de esta clientela constituye un problema y de determinar mejor cuáles son los jĂłvenes con quienes es prioritario intervenir, este estudio propone establecer el perfil de consumo de los psicotrĂłpicos e identificar las caracterĂsticas personales, familiares y sociales relacionadas con el mismo. La muestra se compone de 408 jĂłvenes (de los cuales 127 son mujeres) de 12 a 17 años, que los centros para la juventud de Quebec (Montreal, Quebec, Estrie y CĂ´te-Nord) han tomado a su cargo. El consumo de psicotrĂłpicos se evalĂşa mediante el Ăndice de gravedad de una toxicomanĂa para adolescentes (Germain y col. 1998). El estudio destaca tres perfiles de consumidores cuyo consumo es ya sea escaso (28,9%), moderado (37,3%) o elevado (33,8%). Estos perfiles se encuentran en proporciones comparables entre los varones y las mujeres. Los jĂłvenes que tienen un consumo más elevado son de más edad y frecuentan una cantidad más grande de amigos consumidores que los jĂłvenes de otros perfiles de consumidores. Estos resultados se analizan en el marco de una perspectiva de intervenciĂłn
L’agression indirecte : un indicateur d’inadaptation psychosociale chez les filles ?
Les résultats de la présente étude, menée auprès de 191 filles d’âge scolaire primaire et de leurs familles accréditent l’hypothèse voulant que le développement des filles qui manifestent fréquemment des conduites agressives indirectes soit qualitativement différent de celui des filles non agressives, mais analogue à celui des filles directement agressives. Les résultats montrent que les filles manifestant des conduites agressives indirectes éprouvent significativement plus de difficultés sociales et de problèmes de comportements intériorisés et extériorisés que les filles non agressives. Leurs relations parentales sont également davantage détériorées. Toutefois, elles se distinguent des filles qui utilisent à la fois des conduites agressives directes et indirectes par la manifestation moindre de difficultés sociales et comportementales. Nos résultats indiquent qu’il importe de tenir compte de la présence des conduites agressives indirectes dans le dépistage et le développement des conduites mésadaptées chez les filles.This study examined the unique contribution of indirect aggression related to concurrent behaviour, social and family adjustment problems. A total of 191, 5th and 6th primary school girls (mean age 12.0 years) and their families participated. Results supported the hypothesis that the adjustment of indirectly aggressive girls is different than that of nonaggressive peers, but rather, are similar to that of overtly aggressive girls. No significant differences between the two groups were found. Indirectly aggressive girls showed significantly more internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems than their nonaggressive peers. These girls also experienced more social problems and parents reported less contentment regarding the relationship with their daughter. Our findings justify the need to consider indirect aggression as an important marker of risk in the prediction and development of girls’ maladjustment
L’intégration socioprofessionnelle des usagers d’un service d’apprentissage d’habitudes de travail
Les programmes de réadaptation socioprofessionnelle offerts aux personnes présentant des troubles mentaux connaissent des succès mitigés. Une proportion substantielle de personnes n'arrivent pas, avec cette aide, à trouver ou à maintenir un emploi ; en outre, plusieurs quittent prématurément leur programme de réadaptation. Cette étude rétrospective tente d'identifier des variables associées au fait de compléter le programme, ou reliées au maintien d'une activité de travail en milieu régulier une fois le programme complété. La recherche est effectuée à partir des dossiers de 67 personnes inscrites à un service d'apprentissage d'habitudes de travail. L'étude montre que le fait d'en être à une première démarche de réadaptation socioprofessionnelle est associé au maintien des participants dans le programme d'apprentissage. Le temps passé dans le programme et le niveau de scolarité sont, d'autre part, reliés au succès de l'intégration. Les variables se rapportant aux diagnostics ne sont pas associées aux différentes trajectoires des personnes. Des suggestions pour orienter l'intervention sont proposées.Programs for the social and professional rehabilitation of people suffering from mental illiness are more or less successful. A substantial proportion of people cannot with this help, find or maintain a job; moreover many prematurely leave their rehabilitation program. This retrospective study attempts to identify variables associated to 1) the fact of completing the program and related to 2) maintaining a working activity in a regular environment, once the program is completed. The research is conducted with 67 people registered in an apprenticeship of working habilities program. The study shows that the fact of being in a first stage of socioprofessional rehabilitation is associated with participants staying in the program. The time spent in the program and the participants' level of education are also related to the success of integration. Variables regarding diagnosis are not associated to the different trajectories of the people. Suggestions to adjust intervention are proposed in this paper
Hétérogénéité des troubles du comportement au primaire et perceptions de la situation sociale et familiale des élèves
L’article porte sur les caractĂ©ristiques familiales et sociales qui distinguent des Ă©lèves prĂ©sentant des troubles du comportement au primaire (n=306) d’élèves non Ă risque (n=101). Ces caractĂ©ristiques sont examinĂ©es selon la nature et la sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© des problèmes comportementaux prĂ©sentĂ©s, c’est-Ă -dire selon qu’ils rĂ©pondent ou non aux critères diagnostiques d’un trouble dĂ©ficitaire de l’attention/hyperactivitĂ©, d’un trouble de l’opposition avec provocation ou d’un trouble des conduites. Les rĂ©sultats indiquent que les Ă©lèves qui ont ces problèmes ne se distinguent pas tous du groupe tĂ©moin, ni ne s’en diffĂ©rencient sur les mĂŞmes caractĂ©ristiques sociales et familiales. Ces rĂ©sultats suggèrent des interventions distinctes pour ces sous-groupes.This article examines the family and social characteristics that distinguish primary level students who show behaviour difficulties (n=306) from those that are not at risk (n=101). These characteristics are examined according to the nature and severity of the behaviour problems presented, that is, the extent to which these resemble diagnostic criteria of those considered attention deficit hyperactivity, those considered as oppositional defiant when provoked, and those with conduct disorders. The results show that not all students who have these problems are differentiated from the control group, nor are they differentiated on these same family and social characteristics. These results suggest specific intervention for these subgroups.El artĂculo trata de las caracterĂsticas familiares y sociales que distinguen alumnos que presentan trastornos de conducta en la primaria (n = 306) de alumnos que no son de riesgo (n = 101). Estas caracterĂsticas son examinadas segĂşn la naturaleza y la severidad de los problemas de conducta presentados, es decir segĂşn responden o no a los criterios diagnĂłsticos de un trastorno deficitario de la atenciĂłn/hiperactividad, de un trastorno de oposiciĂłn con provocaciĂłn o de un trastorno de conductas. Los resultados indican que no todos los alumnos que presentan estos problemas se distinguen del grupo piloto, ni se diferencian de Ă©l por las mismas caracterĂsticas sociales y familiares. Estos resultados sugieren intervenciones distintas para estos subgrupos