Cohomological Hasse principle and motivic cohomology for arithmetic schemes

In 1985 Kazuya Kato formulated a fascinating framework of conjectures which generalizes the Hasse principle for the Brauer group of a global field to the so-called cohomological Hasse principle for an arithmetic scheme. In this paper we prove the prime-to-characteristic part of the cohomological Hasse principle. We also explain its implications on finiteness of motivic cohomology and special values of zeta functions.Comment: 47 pages, final versio

Olfactory Interference during Inhibitory Backward Pairing in Honey Bees

Background: Restrained worker honey bees are a valuable model for studying the behavioral and neural bases of olfactory plasticity. The proboscis extension response (PER; the proboscis is the mouthpart of honey bees) is released in response to sucrose stimulation. If sucrose stimulation is preceded one or a few times by an odor (forward pairing), the bee will form a memory for this association, and subsequent presentations of the odor alone are sufficient to elicit the PER. However, backward pairing between the two stimuli (sucrose, then odor) has not been studied to any great extent in bees, although the vertebrate literature indicates that it elicits a form of inhibitory plasticity. Methodology/Principal Findings: If hungry bees are fed with sucrose, they will release a long lasting PER; however, this PER can be interrupted if an odor is presented 15 seconds (but not 7 or 30 seconds) after the sucrose (backward pairing). We refer to this previously unreported process as olfactory interference. Bees receiving this 15 second backward pairing show reduced performance after a subsequent single forward pairing (excitatory conditioning) trial. Analysis of the results supported a relationship between olfactory interference and a form of backward pairing-induced inhibitory learning/ memory. Injecting the drug cimetidine into the deutocerebrum impaired olfactory interference. Conclusions/Significance: Olfactory interference depends on the associative link between odor and PER, rather than between odor and sucrose. Furthermore, pairing an odor with sucrose can lead either to association of this odor to PER or t

Intraoperative assessment of vascular access.

PURPOSE: The intraoperative quality assessment of the arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis is an essential process to limit early failure due to technical problems or inadequate vascular quality. This step is not clearly defined in the literature with no recommendations. METHODS: We selected published articles related to the topic of intraoperative quality control of the vascular access for hemodialysis. RESULTS: The intraoperative blood flow measurement greater than 120 ml/min in autologous fistula and less than 320 ml/min in arteriovenous graft was described as predictive factors for early failure. CONCLUSIONS: The blood flow measurement should be performed after the confection of the anastomosis. When blood flow is limited, fistulography is an essential step to assess patency

Brain Natriuretic Peptide Protects Cardiomyocytes from Apoptosis and Stimulates Their Cell Cycle Re-Entry in Mouse Infarcted Hearts.

Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) supplementation after infarction increases heart function and decreases heart remodeling. BNP receptors, NPR-A and NPR-B are expressed on adult cardiomyocytes (CMs). We investigated whether a part of the BNP cardioprotective effect in infarcted and unmanipulated hearts is due to modulation of the CM fate. For this purpose, infarcted adult male mice were intraperitoneally injected every two days during 2 weeks with BNP or saline. Mice were sacrificed 1 and 14 days after surgery. BNP or saline was also injected intraperitoneally every two days into neonatal pups (3 days after birth) for 10 days and in unmanipulated 8-week-old male mice for 2 weeks. At sacrifice, CMs were isolated, counted, measured, and characterized by qRT-PCR. The proportion of mononucleated CMs was determined. Immunostainings aimed to detect CM re-entry in the cell cycle were performed on the different hearts. Finally, the signaling pathway activated by BNP treatment was identified in in vitro BNP-treated adult CMs and in CMs isolated from BNP-treated hearts. An increased number of CMs was detected in the hypoxic area of infarcted hearts, and in unmanipulated neonatal and adult hearts after BNP treatment. Accordingly, Troponin T plasma concentration was significantly reduced 1 and 3 days after infarction in BNP-treated mice, demonstrating less CM death. Furthermore, higher number of small, dedifferentiated and mononucleated CMs were identified in adult BNP-treated hearts when compared to saline-treated hearts. BNP-treated CMs express higher levels of mRNAs coding for hif1 alpha and for the different cyclins than CMs isolated from saline-treated hearts. Higher percentages of CMs undergoing DNA synthesis, expressing Ki67, phospho histone3 and Aurora B were detected in all BNP-treated hearts, demonstrating that CMs re-enter into the cell cycle. BNP effect on adult CMs in vivo is mediated by NPR-A binding and activation of the ERK MAP kinase pathway. Interestingly, an increased number of CMs was also detected in adult infarcted hearts treated with LCZ696, an inhibitor of the natriuretic peptide degradation. Altogether, our results identified BNP and all therapies aimed to increase BNP's bioavailability as new cardioprotective targets as BNP treatment leads to an increased number of CMs in neonatal, adult unmanipulated and infarcted hearts

SMS for disease control in developing countries : a systematic review of mobile health applications

Mobile phones provide a low cost method of addressing certain health system needs in developing countries. We examined SMS-supported interventions for prevention, surveillance, management and treatment compliance of communicable and non-communicable diseases in developing countries. We searched both peer-reviewed and grey literature reporting the use of SMS messages for disease prevention, surveillance, self-management and compliance in developing countries. A total of 98 applications fulfilled the inclusion criteria (33 prevention, 19 surveillance, 29 disease management and 17 patient compliance applications). In 31 projects, the SMS applications were evaluated. The majority of applications focused on HIV/AIDS and were located in India, South Africa and Kenya. Most used bulk (push) messaging. In general, they were well accepted by the population. The review provides further evidence that mobile phones are an appropriate and promising tool for disease control interventions in developing countrie