Presencia de aborto y mortinatos en cabras inmunizadas

The presence of abortions was evaluated in brucellosis-vaccinated goats in endemic zones. In total, 243 goats under extensive management conditions were used, 57 goats were vaccinated with RB51 at the dose rate of 1 x 1010 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml, 68 goats received 1 x 109 cfu rfbK, 97 goats received 1 x 105 cfu Rev 1, and 21 goats were kept as non-vaccinated controls. One hundred thirty nine (139) goats were detected pregnant, resulting in the following pregnancy rates: 40.3 % (23/ 57) for RB51, 66.2 % (45/68) rfbK, 46.4 % (45/97) for Rev 1, and 85.7 % (18/21) for the non-vaccinated controls. Abortion rates were as follows: RB51: 74.1 % (23/31), rfbK: 35.5 % (16/45), Rev 1: 22.2 % (0/45), and non-vaccinated controls: 16.6% (3/18). The RB51 strain was isolated from one aborted fetus. The relative risk of abortion was as follows: RB51: 4.45, rfbK: 2.13, and Rev 1: 1.33. In addition, goats in a herd with excellent nutritional conditions were also vaccinated, as follows: 10 with 1 x 1010 cfu RB51, 10 with 1 x 109 cfu rfbK, 10 with 1 x 105 cfu Rev 1, and 9 goats remained as non-vaccinated controls. The RB51 group had one abortion and one stillborn kid. In both cases, the RB51 strain was isolated from the fetuses and vaginal exudates. It was concluded that among the immunogens evaluated in goats, the RB51 strain vaccine is not an adequate option, since it results in abortions and stillbirths.Se evaluó la presencia de abortos en cabras vacunadas contra brucelosis en zonas endémicas. Se trabajó con 243 cabras en explotaciones extensivas, 57 fueron vacunadas con RB51 a una dosis de 1 x 1010 ufc/ml, 68 cabras con rfbK a 1 x 109 ufc, 97 cabras con Rev 1 a 1 x 105 ufc y 21 cabras sin vacunar. Se detectaron gestantes a 139 cabras, los porcentajes de gestación fueron: 40.3 % (23 de 57) para RB51, 66.2 % (45 de 68) de rfbK, 46.4 % (45 de 97) para Rev 1 y en las no vacunadas 85.7 % (18 de 21). Los porcentajes de abortos fueron para RB51 de 23/31 (74.1 %), para rfbK de 16/45 (35.5%), para Rev 1 de 10/ 45 (22.2 %) y en el grupo no vacunado 3/18 (16.6 %), se logró aislar la cepa RB51 de un feto abortado. El riesgo relativo de presentar abortos en el grupo con RB51 fue de 4.45, con rfbK de 2.13 y con Rev 1 de 1.33. Además se vacunaron cabras gestantes de un rebaño con excelentes condiciones nutricionales, 10 con RB51 a una dosis de 1 x 1010 ufc, 10 con rfbK a 1 x 109 ufc, diez con Rev 1 y nueve cabras sin vacunar. El grupo de RB51 presentó un aborto y un mortinato, en ambos casos RB51 fue aislada de los fetos y exudados vaginales. Se concluye que entre los inmunógenos evaluados en cabras, la RB51 no es una opción conveniente ya que es causa de abortos y de mortinatos

Inducción experimental de epididimitis en ovinos por inoculación intrauretral con Actinobacillus seminis: estudio bacteriológico, serológico e histopatológico

Actinobacillus seminis infection was experimentally induced in 18 6-month-old lambs. Four animals were kept as negative controls, three animals were inoculated with A. seminis by the intra-epididymal (IE) route, and 11 lambs were inoculated by the intra-urethral (IU) route, as follows: Five days prior to challenge, 4 lambs were given gonadotropin-releasing factor (GnRH), 4 lambs received ethylene glycol IE 24 h prior to challenge, and 3 lambs received no previous treatment. Two of the 4 negative controls received GnRH, and 2 received ethylene glycol. Serum samples were collected weekly for immunodiffusion. Similarly, semen samples were collected for bacteriological analysis. Animals were slaughtered 35 d postinoculation. Testis, epididymis, and accessory sex gland samples were collected for bacteriological and histopathological analyses. A. seminis was isolated from the semen of the GnRH-treated group, but not from the reproductive tract. Lesions had been previously observed in 3 of these 4 animals. A. seminis was isolated from both the ampulla ductus deferens and from the seminal vesicle of one ethylene glycol-treated animal. A. seminis was isolated from the semen of 2 of the 3 lambs that were challenged with no previous treatment. A. seminis was isolated from the inoculation site of one lamb and from the accessory sex glands of 2 of the 3 IE-inoculated lambs. Two of the 11 IU-inoculated lambs showed positive serological results. Two of the 3 IE-inoculated lambs had positive serological results. Histopathological lesions were consistent with epididymitis, including inflammatory infiltrates in the accessory glands. Results suggest that the accessory sex glands can be an A. seminis reservoir.Con el objetivo de inducir la infección experimental de A. seminis, se utilizaron 18 corderos de seis meses de edad: 4 testigos negativos, otros 3 se inocularon con A. seminis vía intraepididimal (IE) y 11 fueron inoculados por vía intrauretral (IU) como sigue: cuatro recibieron factor liberador de gonadotropinas (GnRH) cinco días previos al desafío, cuatro recibieron etilenglicol por vía IE 24 h previas al desafío y tres no recibieron tratamiento previo. De los cuatro testigos negativos, dos recibieron GnRH y dos etilenglicol. Se tomaron muestras semanales de suero para inmunodifusión, y de semen para bacteriología. Se sacrificaron a los 35 días posinoculación, obteniéndose testículos, epidídimos y glándulas anexas, para estudios bacteriológicos e histopatológicos. Del grupo tratado con GnRH, se recuperó la bacteria del semen pero no del aparato reproductor, aunque se observaron lesiones en 3 de 4 animales. Del grupo estimulado con etilenglicol, en uno se aisló A. seminis de ámpulas del deferente y de vesícula seminal. De los desafiados sin tratamiento previo, en 2 de 3 se aisló la bacteria del semen. De los tres inoculados IE, en uno se aisló del lugar de inoculación y en dos se aisló de una de las glándulas anexas. En la serología de los desafiados por vía IU, 2 de 11 resultaron positivos, de los 3 inoculados IE, 2 resultaron positivos. Las observaciones histopatológicas correspondieron a lesiones típicas de epididimitis con infiltrados inflamatorios en glándulas anexas. Los resultados sugieren que las glándulas anexas pueden ser un reservorio de A.seminis

Retrospective seroepidemiological study of small ruminant lentivirus, paratuberculosis and brucellosis in goats from Mexico, based on multiplex assay

Mexican goat production systems face infection risks from Brucella melitensis, small ruminant lentivirus (SRLv) and Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP); agents that cause great economic losses and directly affect public health (brucellosis and paratuberculosis [PTb]). Currently, there are no diagnostic tests applicable at large scale nor epidemiological information regarding the seroprevalence for these infectious diseases. For this study, a multiplex antibody assay (Luminex®) was used to retrospectively study the seroprevalence of brucellosis, SRLv, and PTb in the sera of 983 goats from nine Mexican states. Sera were obtained between 2014 and 2019. Antibodies against all three infectious diseases were detected in almost all tested samples. The estimated seroprevalence values ranged from 37% to 78% for brucellosis, 21% to 65% for SRLv, and 0% to 13% for PTb. The multiplex assay (Luminex®) is a simple, accessible, efficient, and cost-effective seroprevalence monitoring tool for brucellosis, SRLv, and PTb, and can be used as a large-scale approach

Genetic Analysis Method for Staphylococcus chromogenes Associated with Goat Mastitis

Nekada su tvrtke svoje zaposlenike o novostima u poduzeću informirale putem oglasnih ploča, no u današnje vrijeme to se čini putem e-maila ili interneta, a interno komuniciranje čini sve važniji dio odnosa sa javnošću poduzeća. Ono je prisutno u svim organizacijama, bez obzira na veličinu ili predmet poslovanja poduzeća. Međutim, ono se često zanemaruje jer se ne prepoznaje njegova važnost za poduzeće. Osnovni cilj ovoga rada je prikazati značaj interne komunikacije za poduzeća, kao i utjecaj menadžera i rukovoditelja u obavljanju poslova poduzeća. Dolazi se do zaključka da komunikacija između zaposlenika (horizontalna komunikacija) i komunikacija između podređenih i nadređenih (vertikalna komunikacija) u poduzeću utječe na zadovoljstvo i sami rad zaposlenika. Razlog tome je nedostatak informacija koji rezultira u neefikasnom radu zaposlenika, a tim i njihovim nezadovoljstvom. Najznačnije informacije koje se komuniciraju uključuju razna znanja, iskustva te razmjenu podataka značajnih za poslovanje tvrtki i rad njenih djelatnika. U samom radu pojasnit će se djelovanje internog komuniciranja u poduzećima; značaj internog komuniciranja, imidža i strategije za poslovanje poduzeća; problemi internog komuniciranja u poduzećima, a samim tim i dobre strane internog komuniciranja

Genetic Analysis Method for Staphylococcus chromogenes Associated with Goat Mastitis

Mastitis in goats is mainly caused by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). The identification methods for this group are based on evaluating the expression of phenotypic characteristics such as the ability to metabolize various substrates; however, this is disadvantageous as these methods are dependent on gene expression. In recent years, genotyping methods such as the Multiple Locus Variable-Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) and gene identification have been useful for epidemiological study of several bacterial species. To develop a genotyping method, the genome sequence of Staphylococcus chromogenes MU970 was analysed. The analysis showed nine virulence genes described in Staphylococcus aureus. The MLVA was developed using four loci identified in the genome of S. chromogenes MU970. This genotyping method was examined in 23 strains of CNS isolated from goat mastitis. The rate of discrimination for MLVA was 0.8893, and the highest rates of discrimination per the index of Simpson and Hunter-Gaston were 0.926 and 0.968 for the locus 346_06, respectively. The virulence genes were present in all strains of S. chromogenes but not in other CNS. The genotyping method presented in this paper is a viable and easy method for typifying CNS isolates from mastitis cases in different regions and is an ideal mean of tracking this disease

Estudio de la eliminación en la leche de la cepa Rev 1 de Brucella melitensis en cabras vacunadas con dosis reducida

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the vaccination of lactating goats with Brucella melitensis Rev 1 strain ata reduced dose allows for the shedding of such strain in the milk. Exp 1 was carried out in a small goat farm located in Cuautitlán, State of Mexico, using 60 lactating goats with no brucellosis vaccination history. Goats were divided in two 30- goat groups (i.e.: a non vaccinated control and a B. melitensis Rev 1 strain-vaccinated group at a dose rate of 1 x 105 colony forming units (CFU's)/ml. Milk samples were collected daily during the first month, and then weekly during the second and third months postvaccination. Exp 2 was performed in Jaumave, State of Tamaulipas, Mexico, using 40 lactating goats that were divided in two groups. One 30-goat group was vaccinated with B. melitensis Rev 1 strain at the dose rate of 1 x 105 CFU's/ml subcutaneously. The remaining 10 goats were used as non vaccinated controls. Milk samples were collected from all 40 goats on d 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-vaccination. Sampling was performed this way because of farming conditions. Milk was centrifuged and the supernatant was inoculated in two plates (one Brucella Agar plate and one Farell's Medium plate). Plates were incubated at 37 È™,,C for 10 d. No isolates of colonies suggesting Brucella were obtained from any of all samples. In conclusion, B. melitensis Rev 1 strain was not isolated from adult goat milk throughout 90 d after vaccination with the dose rate recommended for Mexico.El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar si al vacunar cabras en lactación con Rev 1 Brucella melitensis a dosis reducida,esta cepa es eliminada en la leche. El Exp 1 se efectuó en un chinchorro caprino localizado en Cuautitlán, Edo. de México, con 60 cabras en lactación sin antecedentes de vacunación contra brucelosis, las cuales se dividieron en dos grupos de 30 animales, uno de ellos sin vacunar, y el otro vacunado por ví­a subcutánea con Rev 1 de B. melitensis a dosis de 1 x 105 ufc/ml, se colectaron muestras de leche de los dos medios de la glándula mamaria diariamente durante el primer mes, y semanalmente en el segundo y tercer mes post-vacunación. El Exp 2 se llevó a cabo en Jaumave, Tamaulipas, se trabajó con 40 hembras en lactación, se dividieron en dos grupos, uno de 30 cabras vacunadas con Rev 1 a dosis de 1 x 105 ufc/ml por ví­a subcutánea y el otro constó de 10 cabras sin vacunar, de las 40 cabras se tomaron muestras de leche de los dos medios de la glándula mamaria los dí­as 3, 7, 14, 21 y 28 post-vacunación, este muestreo se realizó así­ debido a las condiciones de explotación. La leche fue centrifugada y el sobrenadante fue inoculado en dos placas, una de agar brucela y otra de medio Farell, que se incubaron a 37 È™,,C durante 10 dí­as. No se consiguió el aislamiento de ninguna colonia sugerente de Brucella de la totalidad de las muestras colectadas. En conclusión, la cepa vacunal Rev 1 de B. melitensis en la dosis recomendada en México para cabras adultas, no fue eliminada en leche, durante 90 dí­as post-vacunación

Factores de riesgo asociados a la presencia de aborto y desempeño reproductivo en ganado lechero de Aguascalientes, México

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of risk factors on the occurrence of abortion and their impact on select reproductive efficiency parameters in dairy herds in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Three hundred and fifty three (353) serum samples from aborted or non-aborted cows in 23 dairies with records were collected.Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar el efecto de factores de riesgo sobre la ocurrencia del aborto, y su impacto sobre algunas medidas de eficiencia reproductiva en hatos de Aguascalientes. Se obtuvieron 353 sueros de vacas que abortaron y que no abortaron de 23 hatos con registros