PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SWIETENIA MAHAGONI – A HIGHLY MEDICINAL PLANT IN INDIA

The present study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and antibacterial activity of Swietenia mahagoni leaf extract. The leaf extract was subjected to a variety of phytochemical analysis. The qualitative phytochemical tests exhibited the presence of common phytocompounds like alkaloids, tannins, saponins, phlobatannins, flavanoids, terpenoids and volatile oils as major active constituents. The plant (Swietenia mahagoni) leaf has valuable medicinal uses, hence petroleum ether (18.2g) was found to be a good solvent for the phytochemical and antibacterial study. Similarly, the Methanolic leaf extract of Swietenia mahagoni has highest zone of inhibition on Bacillus subtilis

Detection and localization of cotton based on deep neural networks

Cotton detection is the localization and identification of the cotton in an image. It has a wide application in robot harvesting.  Various modern algorithms use deep learning techniques for detection of fruits/flowers. As per the survey, the topics travelled include numerous algorithms used, and accuracy obtained on using those algorithms on their data set. The limitations and the advantages in each paper, are also discussed. This paper focuses on various fruit detection algorithms- the Faster RCNN, the RCNN, YOLO. Ultimately, a rigorous survey of many papers related to the detection of objects like fruits/flowers, analysis of the assets and faintness of each paper leads us to understanding the techniques and purpose of algorithms. &nbsp

The Effect of Traffic Intensity in Social Networking with a Special Reference to Whats App: A Case Study

Now-a-days people are expressing their feelings or emotions like happiness, sadness, anxieties etc. with others, through social media. Most of the people in the world have been giving lot of importance to social media. People like to share their feelings through social media applications such as Facebook, twitter, Whats App etc. Social media plays a vital role in the present human being’s life scenario. People want to share their memorable events such as birthday, marriage, engagement, job, promotions etc. among all social media applications of which mostly used by the people is Whats App. In this research paper we have obtained The Effect of Traffic Intensity in Social Networking with a special reference to Whats App:A Case Study and the status of viewers’ data from a social media application and analysed the characteristics of queuing in social platform. &nbsp

Nerve growth factor receptor TrkA, a new receptor in insulin signaling pathway in PC12 cells

Background: TrkA is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase for nerve growth factor. Results: TrkA forms a molecular complex with insulin receptor and IRS-1 to induce Akt and Erk5 phosphorylation. Conclusion: The NGF-TrkA receptor influences insulin signaling. Significance: The TrkA receptor is involved in insulin signaling, and NGF may regulate neuronal glucose uptake as neurons are insulin-insensitive. © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc

Antibacterial Activity of Certain Members of Chlorophyceae From Warangal District, Telangana State, India

Abstract Chloroform and Methanol extracts of three genera of algae (Oedogonium crispum (Hassal) Wittrock, Rhizoclonium hieroglyphicum (Ag)Kuetz. and Spirogyra biformis C-C.Jao.) from fresh water of Warangal District were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activities against two strains of gram positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus) and two strains of gram negative bacteria (Klebesiella pneumonia and Samonella typhi) by the disc diffusion method. Chloroform was the best solution for extracting the effective antibacterial materials from the algae used in this investigation, with the exception of O.crispum, for which methanol was the most effective extraction solution. Chloroform extracts of fresh S.biformis and R.heiroglyphicum showed effective results against all test organisms. For control sample observations the gentamycin was used. A significant difference between in an antibacterial activity evaluated chloroform and methanol extracts of each alga under investigation was not observed. In addition, as a result of dried and fresh extract antibacterial activity comparison, it was found that all test organisms were more sensitive to fresh extracts of the algae

Evaluation of no-choice cage, detached leaf and diet incorporation assays to screen chickpeas for resistance to the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

It is difficult to compare genotypic resistance to insects across seasons and locations because of the variation in the onset and severity of insect infestation. Therefore, in this study, we used the no-choice cage technique and detached leaf and artificial diet incorporation assays for evaluating chickpea genotypes for resistance to the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Hubner). The results indicated that the no-choice cage technique was not useful for evaluating chickpea genotypes for resistance to S. exigua. In the detached leaf assay, leaf feeding by S. exigua larvae was significantly lower in ICC 12 475 and RIL 20 genotypes at the vegetative stage and in ICC 10 393, ICC 12 475, KAK 2, RIL 20 and RIL 25 genotypes at the flowering stage, while larval weight gain was lower in insects reared on EC 583264, ICC 10 393, ICC 12 475 and RIL 20 genotypes at the vegetative stage; and in those reared on ICC 10 393, ICC 12 475, EC 583264, ICCL 86 111, KAK 2, RIL 20 and RIL 25 genotypes at the flowering stage in plants raised under greenhouse conditions. In plants raised under field conditions, the EC 583260, ICC 12 475, ICCL 86 111, ICCV 10, KAK 2, RIL 20 and RIL 25 genotypes in the November sowing and the KAK 2, ICC 3137, ICCL 86 111 and RIL 25 genotypes in the December sowing suffered low leaf damage at the vegetative stage; and EC 58 320, EC 583264, ICC 12 745 and RIL 25 genotypes in the November sowing and the EC 583264, ICC 3137, ICC 12 475, 1CCL 86 111, KAK 2, RIL 20 and RIL 25 genotypes in the December sowing suffered low leaf damage at the flowering stage, while low larval weights were recorded in insects reared on the ICC 12 475, EC 583264, ICCL 86 111 and RIL 25 genotypes at the flowering stage. In the diet incorporation assay, the survival of S. exigua larvae reared on diets with leaf powder of the ICC 12 475, ICC 10 393 and RIL 25 genotypes was significantly lower, while a significant reduction in larval weights was recorded in those reared on diets with leaf powder of the ICC 10 393, ICC 12 475, ICCL 86 111, KAK 2, RIL 25 and ICC 3137 genotypes. The fecundity of insects was also reduced in insects reared on diets with leaf powder of the RIL 25, RIL 20, ICCV 10, ICCL 86 111, ICC 12 475, ICC 3137, KAK 2 and ICC 10 393 genotypes. The results suggest that detached leaf assay could be used for large-scale screening of chickpea genotypes for resistance to S. exigua, while the diet incorporation assay could be used to gain additional information on the antibiosis mechanism of resistance to this insect

Evaluation of Chickpea Genotypes for Resistance to Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua

Chickpea genotypes were evaluated for resistance to Spodoptera exigua pest under field and laboratory conditions. In the detached leaf assay, the genotypes RIL 20 and ICC 12475 at the vegetative stage, and EC583264, ICC 12475 and RIL 25 at the flowering stage suffered lower leaf damage (DR 1.0 – 1.8) as compared to ICCL 86111 (DR 6.8). There were no significant differences in larval survival among the genotypes tested. However, only 22.4% larvae survived on ICC 12475 as compared to 60.0% on ICCL 86111 at the vegetative stage, and 23.3% larvae survived on KAK 2 as compared to 73.3% on ICC 10393 at the flowering stage. Larval weights were significantly lower on RIL 20, ICC 10393 and EC583264 (5.6 - 7.1 mg per larva) as compared to the larvae reared on the susceptible check, ICC 3137 (21.8 mg per larva) at the vegetative stage. There were no significant differences in larval weights at the flowering stage. Percentage pupation was significantly lower on KAK 2, RIL 20 and ICC 12475 (10.0 - 11.4%) as compared to that of ICC 10393 (35.0%) at vegetative stage, and on ICCV 10, EC583264, ICCL 86111, ICC 3137, ICC 12475 and KAK 2 (10.1 - 15.6%) at the flowering stage as compared to 34.3% pupation on ICC 10393. There were no significant differences in larval period and pupal weights of the insects reared on different chickpea genotypes. Under field conditions, there were no significant differences in Helicoverpa armigera and S. exigua eggs and larvae of S. exigua on different genotypes at the vegetative, flowering and maturity stages. However, significant differences were observed in H. armigera larvae on different genotypes at all the three stages. The lowest H. armigera larval density and leaf and pod damage were recorded on ICC 12475. Grain yield was significantly greater in ICCV 10 (1732.0 kg/ha), ICCL 86111 (1248.3 kg/ha), ICC 10393 (1132.1 kg/ha) and ICC 12475 (1127.8 kg/ha) than in the susceptible check, ICC 3137 (73.3 kg/ha). The genotypes suffering lower damage and with high grain yield potential can be used in chickpea improvement for resistance to S. exigu

Advances in the Diagnosis of Urothelial Neoplasia

Urothelial neoplasia is a unique cancer in that it consists of a spectrum of tumors with different biologic behaviors. The most common urothelial neoplasm is the low grade superficial papillary carcinoma or papilloma which may recur numerous times but does not result in significant morbidity or mortality. A variant of the superficial papillary carcinoma, which represents approximately 10% of the tumors, is the noninvasive papillary neoplasm which progresses to a less differentiated invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Considerable effort has been directed at identifying which of the superficial well differentiated papillary tumors will persist, recur and progress to invasive cancer Current approaches to identifying such tumors include cytogenetics, molecular biology, and flow cytometric DNA analysis. In the final group of bladder carcinomas, the high grade invasive neoplasms, evidence suggests that these life-threatening tumors arise de novo without identifiable precursors. Unfortunately, 75% to 90% of invasive TCCs are classified in this group, with the remaining minority progressing from preexisting recurrent superficial papillary carcinomas. Obviously the biologic behavior of these aggressive poorly differentiated tumors is life-threatening, and application of traditional diagnostic procedures and new technologies need to be directed at early diagnosis

Prophylactic combined supplementation of choline and docosahexaenoic acid attenuates vascular cognitive impairment and preserves hippocampal cell viability in rat model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion ischemic brain injury

Background: Stroke is the second cause of mortality in the world and third leading cause of disability in surviving victims. Cerebral ischemic cascade involves multiple pathways that can result in motor and cognitive deficits. The current treatment strategy focuses mainly on motor recovery, and the management of post-stroke cognitive impairment is largely neglected. Similarly, very few studies have explored the prophylactic combined synergetic treatment strategies that have the potential to target multiple pathways in the ischemic cascade to alleviate vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) in the event of an ischemic stroke. Choline and docosahexaenoic acid (Cho-DHA) are both essential neuronal membrane phospholipid precursors, known to be important in enhancing cognitive functions. The objective of present study was to explore the prophylactic efficacy of combined Cho-DHA supplementation (Cho-DHA suppl.) in attenuating VCI in a rodent model of ischemic brain injury.Methods: An 10-months-old male Wistar rats were subdivided into four groups (n=8/group); normal control (NC), bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) induced ischemic brain injury group, sham BCCAO (S-BCCAO) group, and prophylactic combined Cho-DHA suppl. BCCAO group. Subsequently, all groups of rats were tested for cognition and neuro-morphological changes in the hippocampus.Results: BCCAO rats showed significant learning and memory deficits (p<0.05) and neuronal injury compared to S-BCCAO and NC rats. These cognitive deficits and neuronal injury were significantly (p<0.01) attenuated in Cho-DHA suppl. BCCAO rats.Conclusion: Prophylactic combined Cho-DHA suppl. may be envisaged as an effective preventive strategy to attenuate VCI and neuronal injury in high-risk individuals susceptible for a future event of an ischemic stroke

Twilio Integration with Dialogflow for Effective Communication

Chatbot is gaining popularity in business groups as they will decrease customer service cost and can process numeroususers’requests at a time. Thus, messaging applications are presently the utmost popular way which is used by companies to deliver chatbot experiences to consumers.But to achieve numerous tasks there is a wide requirement to make chatbots as effective as likely. To address this problem, the design of a Twilio chatbot that is integrated with Dialogflow is explained, which provides an effective and precise answer for any query based on intents and utterances configured in the Dialogflow.Chatbots can be implemented using natural language tools that are available.Dialogflow and MicrosoftLuis are the two tools that are available to build a chatbot.Dialogflow(API.AI) allows developers to make conversational experiences by giving them with necessary tools to take on two kinds of tasks: first is torecognize and produce natural language utterances and second is to achieve the conversation.While there are numerous competing tools accessible in the market, Dialogflow was one of the firstand continuously evolving; moreover, it is easy to use and it can be integrated with other services