Economic impact of migration flows following the 2004 EU enlargement process - A model based analysis

This paper shows that the migration-induced re-allocation of labour resources across countries following the 2004 EU enlargement process has already brought sizeable economic benefits for the enlarged EU. In addition, the simulation results suggest that once the present temporary restrictions on the flow of EU10 workers come to an end and the long-run migration potential of around 3 million is eventually realised, the economic gains may easily match those from a further integration of the EU's goods and capital markets. At the level of the individual "sending" and "receiving" countries, the overall economic impact of migration is essentially determined by the speed of adjustment of labour and capital; by the skill characteristics of the migrant and native populations; and by the actual size of the migration flows.growth, migration, European Union, Economic impact of migration flows following the 2004 EU enlargement process, A model based analysis, D'Auria, Mc Morrow, Pichelmann

A comparison of structural reform scenarios across the EU member states - Simulation-based analysis using the QUEST model with endogenous growth

This paper calibrates the Roeger-Varga-Veld (2008) micro-founded DSGE model with endogenous growth for all EU member states using country specific structural characteristics and employs the individual country models to analyse the macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms. We analyse the costs and benefits of reforms in terms of fiscal policy instruments such as taxes, benefits, subsidies and administrative costs faced by firms. We find that less R&D intensive countries would benefit the most from R&D promoting and skill-upgrading policies. We also find that shifting from labour to consumption taxes, reducing the benefit replacement rate and relieving administrative entry barriers are the most effective measures in those countries which have high labour taxes and entry barriers.Structural reforms, endogenous growth, DSGE modelling, EU member states, tax credits, tax shifts, entry barriers, human capital, D'Auria, Pagano, Ratto, Varga

A comparison of structural reform scenarios across the EU member states - Simulation-based analysis using the QUEST model with endogenous growth

This paper calibrates the Roeger-Varga-Veld (2008) micro-founded DSGE model with endogenous growth for all EU member states using country specific structural characteristics and employs the individual country models to analyse the macroeconomic impact of various structural reforms. We analyse the costs and benefits of reforms in terms of fiscal policy instruments such as taxes, benefits, subsidies and administrative costs faced by firms. We find that less R&D intensive countries would benefit the most from R&D promoting and skill-upgrading policies. We also find that shifting from labour to consumption taxes, reducing the benefit replacement rate and relieving administrative entry barriers are the most effective measures in those countries which have high labour taxes and entry barriers.JRC.G.9-Econometrics and applied statistic

Aortic Sutureless Bioprosthesis Distortion by Suction of Aortic Vent

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The production function methodology for calculating potential growth rates and output gaps

The concepts of potential growth and the output gap form a crucial part of the toolkit for assessing the cyclical position of the economy and its productive capacity. These concepts have become an essential ingredient of the fiscal surveillance process emanating from the Stability and Growth Pact. Estimating the output gap is difficult since potential growth is not directly observable whilst actual GDP is subject to significant historical / forecast revisions. Given the large uncertainty surrounding output gap estimates, due care must be taken in interpreting their size and evolution. Whilst mindful of these uncertainties, the potential growth and output gap forecasts produced by the ECOFIN Council approved production function (PF) methodology have been providing essential information to policy makers since their initial release in 2002. This information has been used by policy makers for their ongoing discussions regarding the appropriate mix of macroeconomic and structural policies in the various EU economies, with the former geared to eliminating cyclical slack and the latter being used to raise the output potential of their respective economies. Given the importance of this work, the EU's Economic Policy Committee has a dedicated working group (i.e. the "Output Gap Working Group" - OGWG) which meets regularly to discuss the operational effectiveness & relevance of the existing PF methodology. Periodically, the Commission services produce a paper which tries to succinctly summarise the work of the OGWG over a specific period of time, with the present paper updating the last published paper on this topic which appeared in 2006JRC.G.3-Econometrics and applied statistic

The impact of gender bias in cardiothoracic surgery in Europe: a European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery survey

OBJECTIVES The European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery designed a questionnaire to assess the impact of gender bias on a cardiothoracic surgery career. METHODS A 46-item survey investigating gender bias was designed using online survey software from December 2020 to January 2021. All European Society of Thoracic Surgeons and European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery members and non-members included in the mailing lists were invited to complete an electronic survey. Descriptive statistics and a comparison between gender groups were performed. RESULTS Our overall response rate was 11.5% (1118/9764), of which 36.14% were women and 63.69% were men. Women were more likely to be younger than men (P < 0.0001). A total of 66% of the women reported having no children compared to only 19% of the men (P < 0.0001). Only 6% of women vs 22% of men were professors. More women (72%) also reported never having been a formal mentor themselves compared to men (38%, P < 0.0001). A total of 35% of female respondents considered leaving surgery because of episodes of discrimination compared to 13% of men; 67% of women said that they experienced being unfairly treated due to gender discrimination. Of the male surgeons, 31% reported that they were very satisfied with their career compared to only 17% of women (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Women in cardiothoracic surgery reported significantly high rates of experiences with bias that may prevent qualified women from advancing to positions of leadership. Efforts to mitigate bias and support the professional development of women are at the centre of newly formed European committees

The impact of the Hippo pathway and cell metabolism on pathological complete response in locally advanced Her2+ breast cancer: the TRISKELE multicenter prospective study

The Hippo pathway and its two key effectors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are consistently altered in breast cancer. Pivotal regulators of cell metabolism such as the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Stearoyl-CoA-desaturase 1 (SCD1), and HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) are relevant modulators of TAZ/YAP activity. In this prospective study, we measured the tumor expression of TAZ, YAP, AMPK, SCD1, and HMGCR by immunohistochemistry in 65 Her2+ breast cancer patients who underwent trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant treatment. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of the immunohistochemical expression of the Hippo pathway transducers and cell metabolism regulators on pathological complete response. Low expression of cytoplasmic TAZ, both alone and in the context of a composite signature identified by machine learning including also low nuclear levels of YAP and HMGCR and high cytoplasmic levels of SCD1, was a predictor of residual disease in the univariate logistic regression. This finding was not confirmed in the multivariate model including estrogen receptor &gt; 70% and body mass index &gt; 20. However, our findings were concordant with overall survival data from the TCGA cohort. Our results, possibly affected by the relatively small sample size of this study population, deserve further investigation in adequately sized, ad hoc prospective studies

Campi Flegrei, Vesuvius and Ischia Seismicity in the Context of the Neapolitan Volcanic Area

Studying seismicity in a volcanic environment provides important information on the state of activity of volcanoes. The seismicity of the Neapolitan volcanoes, Campi Flegrei, Vesuvius, and Ischia, shows distinctive characteristics for each volcano, covering a wide range of patterns and types. In this study we relocated some significant volcano-tectonic earthquake swarms that occurred in Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius. Moreover, we compared the earthquake occurrence evolution, the magnitude and the seismic energy release of the three volcanoes. Also, we considered the results of seismic analysis in the light of geochemical and ground deformation data that contribute to defining the state of activity of volcanoes. In Campi Flegrei, which is experiencing a long term unrest, we identified a seismogenic structure at shallow depth in Pisciarelli zone that has been activated repeatedly. The increasing seismicity accompanies an escalation of the hydrothermal activity and a ground uplift phase. At Vesuvius a very shallow seismicity is recorded, which in recent years has shown an increase in terms of the number of events per year. Earthquakes are usually located right beneath the crater axis. They are concentrated in a volume affected by the hydrothermal system. Finally, Ischia generally shows a low level of seismicity, however, in Casamicciola area events with a moderate magnitude can occur and these are potentially capable of causing severe damage to the town and population, due to their small hypocentral depth (typically &lt; 2.5 km). After the seismic crisis of August 21, 2017 (mainshock magnitude M = 4), the seismicity returned to a low level in terms of occurrence rate and magnitude of earthquakes. The seismicity of these three different volcanic areas shows some common aspects that highlight a relevant role of hydrothermal processes in the seismogenesis of volcanic areas. However, while the main swarms in Campi Flegrei and most of the Vesuvian earthquakes are distributed along conduit-like structures, the seismicity of Ischia is mainly located along faults. Furthermore, the temporal evolution of seismicity in Neapolitan volcanic area suggests a concomitant increase in the occurrence of earthquakes both in Campi Flegrei and Vesuvius in recent years

Rendiconto di sorveglianza sismica anno 2003

La Rete Sismica dell’Osservatorio Vesuviano (RSOV) è costituita da stazioni sismiche analogiche a corto periodo e stazioni digitali a larga banda con trasmissione continua dei segnali al Centro di Acquisizione (Fig. 1). La Rete è progettata per il monitoraggio delle aree vulcaniche attive della Campania (Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei, Ischia) e fornisce informazioni relative alla sismicità a scala regionale in collaborazione con la Rete Sismica Nazionale Centralizzata (INGV – Centro Nazionale Terremoti). La ricezione dei dati delle stazioni della RSOV è centralizzata presso la sede OV di via Manzoni. Nel mese di Marzo 2003 un cedimento strutturale ha reso inagibile l'edificio che ospitava detta sede. La necessità di individuare una soluzione alternativa nel più breve tempo possibile ha portato allo spostamento di tutto il sistema di centralizzazione ed acquisizione presso l'edificio adiacente, nei locali occupati dal Dipartimento di Urbanistica del Comune di Napoli. I limiti e la precarietà della nuova installazione hanno determinato per alcune stazioni un aumentato dei disturbi e delle interferenze sui segnali radio. Per questo motivo molti degli interventi effettuati sulla rete sismica durante l'anno sono stati indirizzati a cercare di ridurre questo inconveniente per migliorare la qualità dei segnali. Sulla base di tale esperienza è in programma una ristrutturazione della rete che prevede la centralizzazione dei segnali con sistemi ridondanti ed indipendenti.INGV Sezione Di Napoli "Osservatorio Vesuviano"Published1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e sorveglianz