An Ego Depletion Account of Aging Stereotypes' Effects on Health-Related Variables

Objectives. This study examined whether stereotypes may predict health outcomes independently from their internalization into the self. Specifically, we tested whether endorsement of negative age stereotypes in the physical activity (PA) domain is related to decreased subjective vitality among active older adults, illustrating ego depletion. Method. This longitudinal study included 192 retired individuals aged 60-92 years who regularly participated in organized PA, and who completed the measures on three occasions (9-month period). Results. Multilevel growth models tested whether within-person variation in age stereotypes endorsement across waves predicted subjective vitality, after controlling for self-perceptions of aging and relevant covariates. Results showed that (a) within-person increases in endorsement of age stereotypes of self-efficacy (b = 0.17, p < .01) were associated with increases in subjective vitality, (b) between-person mean difference in endorsement of age stereotypes of PA benefits (b = 0.21, p < .05) positively predicted subjective vitality, and (c) subjective vitality mediated the relationship between endorsement of self-efficacy stereotype and self-rated health. Discussion. This study confirmed that endorsement of age stereotypes of PA predicted subjective vitality among active older adults. These results suggest that stereotypes may be related to health-related outcomes notably through ego depletion effect

Computational exploration of the chemical structure space of possible reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle constituents

The reverse tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle has been explored from various standpoints as an idealized primordial metabolic cycle. Its simplicity and apparent ubiquity in diverse organisms across the tree of life have been used to argue for its antiquity and its optimality. In 2000 it was proposed that chemoinformatics approaches support some of these views. Specifically, defined queries of the Beilstein database showed that the molecules of the rTCA are heavily represented in such compound databases. We explore here the chemical structure space, e.g. the set of organic compounds which possesses some minimal set of defining characteristics, of the rTCA cycle's intermediates using an exhaustive structure generation method. The rTCA's chemical space as defined by the original criteria and explored by our method is some six to seven times larger than originally considered. Acknowledging that each assumption in what is a defining criterion making the rTCA cycle special limits possible generative outcomes, there are many unrealized compounds which fulfill these criteria. That these compounds are unrealized could be due to evolutionary frozen accidents or optimization, though this optimization may also be for systems-level reasons, e.g., the way the pathway and its elements interface with other aspects of metabolism

Worksite Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators: A Qualitative Study Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change

Background: Many of the studies on worksite physical activity (PA) have investigated either the effectiveness of PA programs for employees and the work-related outcomes or health promotion interventions to increase PA. However, studies on barriers and enabling factors for participation are scarce and have generally not been theoretically grounded. The purpose of this qualitative study was to identify worksite PA barriers and facilitators from the perspective of the transtheoretical model of change (TTM).Methods: Thirty employees (15 females and 15 males; Mage = 44.70; SD = 5.20) were recruited to participate in semi-structured interviews lasting from 60 to 90 min. Participants came from several organizations that offered PA programs and were at different exercise stages of change. They were invited to describe: (a) general information on the place of PA in their daily lives and in the workplace, and the reasons for (b) worksite PA participation or (c) non-participation. The interview transcripts were analyzed both inductively and deductively with reference to the exercise stages of change.Results: Three categories of barriers and facilitators related to physical, psychological and environmental dimensions were identified. For all exercise stages of change combined, psychological and environmental barriers were significantly more reported than physical barriers, whereas physical and psychological facilitators were more cited than environmental facilitators. Further qualitative analysis suggested that these categories differed with the exercise stage of change. At the precontemplative and contemplative stages, all types of barriers predominated (e.g., physical constraints due to the workstation, fear of management disapproval, time constraints). At the preparation stage, physical, and psychological needs emerged in relation to worksite PA (e.g., need to compensate for sedentary work, stress regulation). At the action and maintenance levels, physical, psychological, and environmental facilitators were reported (e.g., enhanced physical condition, workplace well-being, social ties). At the relapse stage, specific life changes or events broke the physically active lifestyle dynamics.Conclusion: This study identified the contribution of different types of worksite PA barriers and facilitators according to the exercise stage of change. The identified facilitators are consistent with the general TTM processes of change, while being specific to the workplace. Practical strategies are discussed

LECHERAS Y NOVEDADES [Material gráfico]

ADQUIRIDA POR EL COLECCIONISTA EN TENERIFEFOTO DE GRUPO DE MUJERES LECHERASCopia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Analyse qualitative des pratiques d'entraînement constitutives du climat motivationnel en judo

Rapport

Effects of an Imagery Training Program on Selective Attention of National Softball Players

International audienceThis study examined the effectiveness of an imagery training program in improving national softball players' selective attention. A multiple-baseline design across individuals was used. There were four participants. One remained at baseline, while the other three spent 10 min a day practicing an audio-taped imagery program composed of 28 sessions. Measures of selective attention were collected via a baseball/softball batting specific version stemming from Nideffer's (1976) Test of Attentional and Interpersonal Style (TAIS). The results demonstrated that the imagery training program generally enhanced the ability of softball players to integrate external stimuli without being overloaded with them and to narrow attention. Results were discussed in relation to the usefulness of multiple-baseline designs for investigating individual differences among elite athletes. Practical pedagogical considerations for coaching are proposed

Etude comparative des modalités d'interaction entraîneur-athlètes en tir à l'arc masculin et en judo féminin de haut niveau

International audienc

Rôles du climat motivationnel perçu et des buts d'accomplissement sur la motivation des jeunes judokas de haut niveau

Ce document de synthèse reprend les éléments principaux du rapport, de mêmeintitulé, concluant l'étude commanditée par la Fédération Française de Judo-Jujitsu,Kendo et Disciplines Associées, et financée par le Ministère de la Jeunesse et desSports.Les analyses statistiques détaillées relatives aux résultats et à la vérification desqualités psychométriques des questionnaires employés, le contenu de cesquestionnaires, ainsi que la discussion scientifique figurent dans le rapport intégral. Lelecteur intéressé par ces aspects techniques pourra consulter ce rapport auprès de laDirection des Sports du Ministère de la Jeunesse et des Sports, auprès de la FédérationFrançaise de Judo, ou encore à la médiathèque de l'Institut National du Sport et del'Education Physique (INSEP)

Analyse qualitative des pratiques d'entraînement constitutives du climat motivationnel en pôle France de judo

International audienceLa présente recherche avait pour objet de recenser, à partir d’entretiens réalisés auprès de jeunes judokas de niveau national et de leurs entraîneurs, les caractéristiques du contexte d'entraînement et de compétition les plus à même d’inciter les judokas à poursuivre des buts d’implication dans la tâche (climat d’implication dans la tâche) ou des buts d’implication de l’ego (climat d’implication de l’ego). Un certain nombre de dimensions du contexte telles que celles présentes dans le modèle TARGET (Ames, 1992) et celles constitutives du questionnaire de mesure du climat motivationnel perçu (PMCSQ-2 de Newton, Duda, & Yin, 2000) étaient supposées émerger des investigations menées auprès des participants. Toutefois, en raison de la focalisation de la présente étude sur un seul sport, le judo, et sur une population d’élite, des divergences par rapport à ces dimensions étaient aussi considérées comme possibles