Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) mediates chemotaxis in neutrophils

Neutrophil migration to inflamed sites is crucial for both the initiation of inflammation and resolution of infection, yet these cells are involved in perpetuation of different chronic inflammatory diseases. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that acts through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in signal transmission in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Its receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is expressed by various cell types, and it is overexpressed in cancer cells. RC-3095 is a selective GRPR antagonist, recently found to have antiinflammatory properties in arthritis and sepsis models. Here we demonstrate that i.p. injection of GRP attracts neutrophils in 4 h, and attraction is blocked by RC-3095. Macrophage depletion or neutralization of TNF abrogates GRP-induced neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum. In vitro, GRP-induced neutrophil migration was dependent on PLC- β2, PI3K, ERK, p38 and independent of Gαi protein, and neutrophil migration toward synovial fluid of arthritis patients was inhibited by treatment with RC-3095.We propose that GRPR is an alternative chemotactic receptor that may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders

Investiga??o dos efeitos do pept?deo liberador de gastrina (GRP) e seu antagonista RC-3095 em c?lulas mieloides

Submitted by PPG Biologia Celular e Molecular ([email protected]) on 2017-07-24T18:23:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_SANGUINETTI_CZEPIELEWSKI_TES.pdf: 5487109 bytes, checksum: 88dbb99b9597e08253e2832cc01ccfce (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier ([email protected]) on 2017-07-25T17:50:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_SANGUINETTI_CZEPIELEWSKI_TES.pdf: 5487109 bytes, checksum: 88dbb99b9597e08253e2832cc01ccfce (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-25T18:00:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RAFAEL_SANGUINETTI_CZEPIELEWSKI_TES.pdf: 5487109 bytes, checksum: 88dbb99b9597e08253e2832cc01ccfce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-18Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPESTumor microenvironment and inflammatory diseases promote alterations in our immune system along with their development. Several molecules are implicated in this modulation and are therefore considered therapeutic targets. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is produced in tumors where it promotes cellular proliferation. It is also correlated with chronic diseases, as in rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, and in the acute condition of sepsis. Recently, our group found a direct GRP action over neutrophils, promoting migration. This work aimed to study the interface between GRP-producing tumors and the recruitment of immune cells, as well as extend the cellular studies about neutrophil activation and migration processes promoted by the peptide. In tumors, we observed that a lung adenocarcinoma cell line does not proliferate in response to GRP. Yet, it is induced to migrate when exposed to the peptide, indicating a potential role for GRP in metastasis of this type of cancer. In our tumor immunology studies, we established a novel in vivo model by overexpressing GRP in a melanoma cell line (B16F10). We observed the augment of infiltrating inflammatory monocytes in the tumor microenvironment of these tumors. In parallel, we verified that reactive oxygen species production and migration in response to GRP is dependent of the NADPH oxidase complex. GRP stimulation promotes an intense activation, which culminates in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. In addition, the GRP receptor (GRPR) antagonist RC-3095 presented anti-inflammatory potential, inhibiting neutrophil migration towards IL-8 and reducing the extent of acetaminophen-induced liver damage. This effect was due to motility alterations in infiltrating neutrophils within the tissue and reduction of cell adhesion molecules. The results presented herein demonstrate the wide panorama of GRP?s interactions in tumor and immune biology.O microambiente tumoral e as doen?as inflamat?rias promovem altera??es nas c?lulas do nosso sistema imune ? medida que progridem. Diversas mol?culas est?o envolvidas nessa modula??o, e por isso s?o alvos terap?uticos. O pept?deo liberador de gastrina (GRP) ? produzido por tumores, onde promove prolifera??o celular. Este tamb?m est? correlacionado com doen?as cr?nicas como a artrite reumatoide e asma, e em doen?as agudas, como a sepse. Recentemente, nosso grupo descobriu a??o direta do GRP em neutr?filos, promovendo indu??o de migra??o. O presente trabalho se prop?s a estudar a interface entre tumores produtores de GRP e o recrutamento celular, assim como aprofundar os estudos celulares sobre os processos de ativa??o e migra??o de neutr?filos promovidos pelo pept?deo. Em tumores, observamos que uma linhagem de adenocarcinoma pulmonar n?o prolifera quando exposto ao GRP, por?m ? induzida a migrar quando exposta ao pept?deo, estabelecendo um potencial papel deste na promo??o de met?stases para esse tipo tumoral. Na interface da imunologia tumoral, atrav?s do desenvolvimento de um modelo in vivo de superexpress?o de GRP em melanoma murino (B16F10), observamos que esse aumento do GRP induz a infiltra??o de mon?citos inflamat?rios no microambiente tumoral. Em paralelo, verificamos que a produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio e a migra??o em dire??o ao GRP s?o dependentes do complexo NADPH oxidase. Esse est?mulo promove ativa??o intensa, culminando na produ??o de redes extracelulares de neutr?filos (NETs). J? o antagonista do seu receptor, GRPR, apresentou potencial antiinflamat?rio, sendo capaz de inibir a migra??o neutrof?lica via modula??o de IL-8 e reduzindo a extens?o da les?o hep?tica induzida por paracetamol (acetaminofeno), alterando a motilidade dos neutr?filos no tecido e a express?o de mol?culas de ades?o. Assim, os resultados aqui apresentados demonstram um panorama amplo da fun??o do GRP na biologia tumoral e no sistema imune

Investiga??o do mecanismo de a??o do pept?deo liberador de gastrina sobre respostas imunes

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:51:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 434382.pdf: 1595815 bytes, checksum: e9f7e7d4a7dcd6de22b69890074a8785 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29Neutr?filos s?o os principais personagens do processo inflamat?rio, tanto na imunidade inata como adaptativa. Sua migra??o para os s?tios inflamat?rios ? crucial para o in?cio da inflama??o, assim como para o controle de infec??es, apresentando envolvimento na perpetua??o de diferentes doen?as inflamat?rias cr?nicas. O pept?deo liberador de gastrina (GRP: Gastrin-releasing peptide) ? um neuropept?deo que atua via receptores ligados a prote?na G e que est? envolvido em diferentes fun??es fisiol?gicas, atuando da motilidade gastrointestinal ? modula??o da mem?ria. Seu receptor preferencial, GRPR (Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor), ? expresso em v?rios tipos celulares, incluindo os sistemas g?strico, respirat?rio e nervoso, tendo sua express?o aumentada em c?lulas tumorais. RC-3095 ? um dos antagonistas seletivos de GRPR, desenvolvido para o tratamento de c?ncer. Mais recentemente, o RC-3095 mostrou-se com propriedades anti-inflamat?rias no tratamento de artrite e sepse.Os mecanismos pelos quais o GRP e o RC-3095 afetam o crescimento tumoral e o sistema imune ainda n?o foram totalmente determinados. Neste estudo, n?s propomos caracterizar os efeitos pr?-inflamat?rios do GRP na indu??o de migra??o de leuc?citos in vitro e in vivo, demonstrando que o GRPR atua como um receptor quimiot?tico para neutr?filos. Inje??es intraperitoneais de GRP recrutaram neutr?filos em quatro horas, um fen?meno antagonizado pelo RC-3095, deple??o de macr?fagos ou neutraliza??o do TNF-α. Al?m disso, o GRP apresentou um efeito direto in vitro, atuando como quimiocina na indu??o de migra??o atrav?s da sinaliza??o por GRPR, um mecanismo que ? dependente de PI3K, ERK, p38 e independente de prote?na Gαi, demonstrando que o GRPR ? um receptor quimiot?tico alternativo. Interessantemente, a migra??o de neutr?filos in vitro em dire??o ao l?quido sinovial de pacientes com artrite foi abolida com o pr?-tratamento com RC-3095, em uma magnitude comparada ao bloqueio do CXCR2. Discutimos aqui as implica??es dessas descobertas para os tratamentos baseados no antagonista de GRPR em doen?as inflamat?rias e propomos que o GRPR ? um novo receptor quimiot?tico alternativo que est? envolvido nessa patog?nese destes dist?rbios

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) mediates chemotaxis in neutrophils

Neutrophil migration to inflamed sites is crucial for both the initiation of inflammation and resolution of infection, yet these cells are involved in perpetuation of different chronic inflammatory diseases. Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) is a neuropeptide that acts through G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in signal transmission in both central and peripheral nervous systems. Its receptor, gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR), is expressed by various cell types, and it is overexpressed in cancer cells. RC-3095 is a selective GRPR antagonist, recently found to have antiinflammatory properties in arthritis and sepsis models. Here we demonstrate that i.p. injection of GRP attracts neutrophils in 4 h, and attraction is blocked by RC-3095. Macrophage depletion or neutralization of TNF abrogates GRP-induced neutrophil recruitment to the peritoneum. In vitro, GRP-induced neutrophil migration was dependent on PLC- β2, PI3K, ERK, p38 and independent of Gαi protein, and neutrophil migration toward synovial fluid of arthritis patients was inhibited by treatment with RC-3095.We propose that GRPR is an alternative chemotactic receptor that may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory disorders