Mineral and chemical composition particles in the atmosphere Kolubara basin zone and environmental impact

Čestice iz vazduha su prikupljane u blizini termoelektrane i površinskih kopova rudnika uglja u Kolubarskom basenu. Izmereni srednji sadržaji koncentracija rastvornih, nerastvornih i ukupnih taložnih materija na godišnjem nivou prelaze 200 mg/m2dan (K- 1, K-3, K-4, K-5). Distribucija čestica na svim lokacijama klasifikovana je na čestice veličine veće od 10 μm, zatim na čestice veličine od 10 μm do 2,5 μm i klase čestica veličine ispod 2,5 μm. Ovakva podela je dala odnos koncentracija inhalatornih i respiratornih čestica po mernim mestima. Skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija je pokazala da prašina iz rudnika uglja i termoelektrane se sastoji u velikoj meri od skupa mineralnih zrna i čestica uglja. Takođe, SEM-EDX analize su pokazale da je mineralni sastav aerosedimenata i PM10 čestica heterogen i da se stalno menja. Ovi nalazi su podržani i analitičkim ispitivanjima rendgenskom difrakcijom praha koja je dala sličan mineralni sastav (kvarc, feldspati, gline, gips, dolomit, kalcit, liskuni, hlorit i hematit). Hemijski sastav aerosedimenata i PM10 čestica pokazao je dominantno učešće oksida SiO2, Al2O3 i Fe2O3 a i obogaćen sadržajima mnogih toksičnih elemenata kao npr. (Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Cr). Ovaj rad pokazuje da je koncentracija čestica, mineraloška i hemijska karakterizacija vazdušnih čestica iz rudnika i termoelektrane presudna za frakcije koje se udišu, i za identifikaciju potencijalno opasnih (hazardnih) komponenata u aerosedimentima i suspendovanim česticama (PM10). Koncentracije mikroelemenata u PM10 česticama su ukazali da As i Co u Lazarevcu i Cd u Velikim Crljenima su iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih vrednosti. Najveća zabrinutost je za koncentracije As i Cd, dva jako toksična elementa koja inhalacijom mogu izazvati teške bolesti. Utvrđena je zastuplenost arsena u aerosedimentima čije su koncentracije preko dnevnog unosa tako da postoji opravdana bojazan o izazivanju bolestibolesti udisanjem ovog metalau ispitivanom području...The airborne particles were collected near the power plant and the opencast coal mine of the Kolubara basin. The measured averages of the concentration soluble, insoluble and total particulate matter per year exceed 200 mg/m2 per day (K-1, K-3, K- 4, K-5). The particle distribution at all sites was classified in three classes: the particles larger than 10 μm, the particles from 10 to 2.5 μm and the particles below 2.5 μm. This division has given the concentration ratio of inhaled and respiratory particles per measuring points. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the dust from coal mines and power plants largely consist of a set of mineral grains and coal particles. SEM-EDX analysis also showed that the mineral composition of aero sediments and PM10 particles is heterogeneous and constantly changing. These findings were also supported by analytical studies of X-ray powder diffraction which has made a similar mineral composition (quartz, feldspar, clay, gypsum, dolomite, calcite, mica, chlorite, and hematite). Chemical composition of aero sediments and PM10 particles has shown dominant share of oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 enriched with the contents of many toxic elements (such as Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Cr). This paper shows that the concentration of particles, mineralogical and chemical characterization of air particles from coal mine and power plant, is crucial for the inhalation fractions, and for the identification of potentially dangerous (hazardous) components in air sediments and particulate matter (PM10). Concentrations of microelements in PM10 particles indicated that As and Co in Lazarevac and Cd in Veliki Crljeni are above the maximum permitted level. The biggest concern is for the concentration of As and Cd, two highly toxic elements that can cause serious illness inhaling. The presence of arsenic in air sediments whose concentrations exceed the daily intake was determined so that there is a legitimate fear in the investigated area of causing disease by inhalation of these metals..

Mineral and chemical composition particles in the atmosphere Kolubara basin zone and environmental impact

Čestice iz vazduha su prikupljane u blizini termoelektrane i površinskih kopova rudnika uglja u Kolubarskom basenu. Izmereni srednji sadržaji koncentracija rastvornih, nerastvornih i ukupnih taložnih materija na godišnjem nivou prelaze 200 mg/m2dan (K- 1, K-3, K-4, K-5). Distribucija čestica na svim lokacijama klasifikovana je na čestice veličine veće od 10 μm, zatim na čestice veličine od 10 μm do 2,5 μm i klase čestica veličine ispod 2,5 μm. Ovakva podela je dala odnos koncentracija inhalatornih i respiratornih čestica po mernim mestima. Skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija je pokazala da prašina iz rudnika uglja i termoelektrane se sastoji u velikoj meri od skupa mineralnih zrna i čestica uglja. Takođe, SEM-EDX analize su pokazale da je mineralni sastav aerosedimenata i PM10 čestica heterogen i da se stalno menja. Ovi nalazi su podržani i analitičkim ispitivanjima rendgenskom difrakcijom praha koja je dala sličan mineralni sastav (kvarc, feldspati, gline, gips, dolomit, kalcit, liskuni, hlorit i hematit). Hemijski sastav aerosedimenata i PM10 čestica pokazao je dominantno učešće oksida SiO2, Al2O3 i Fe2O3 a i obogaćen sadržajima mnogih toksičnih elemenata kao npr. (Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Cr). Ovaj rad pokazuje da je koncentracija čestica, mineraloška i hemijska karakterizacija vazdušnih čestica iz rudnika i termoelektrane presudna za frakcije koje se udišu, i za identifikaciju potencijalno opasnih (hazardnih) komponenata u aerosedimentima i suspendovanim česticama (PM10). Koncentracije mikroelemenata u PM10 česticama su ukazali da As i Co u Lazarevcu i Cd u Velikim Crljenima su iznad maksimalno dozvoljenih vrednosti. Najveća zabrinutost je za koncentracije As i Cd, dva jako toksična elementa koja inhalacijom mogu izazvati teške bolesti. Utvrđena je zastuplenost arsena u aerosedimentima čije su koncentracije preko dnevnog unosa tako da postoji opravdana bojazan o izazivanju bolestibolesti udisanjem ovog metalau ispitivanom području...The airborne particles were collected near the power plant and the opencast coal mine of the Kolubara basin. The measured averages of the concentration soluble, insoluble and total particulate matter per year exceed 200 mg/m2 per day (K-1, K-3, K- 4, K-5). The particle distribution at all sites was classified in three classes: the particles larger than 10 μm, the particles from 10 to 2.5 μm and the particles below 2.5 μm. This division has given the concentration ratio of inhaled and respiratory particles per measuring points. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the dust from coal mines and power plants largely consist of a set of mineral grains and coal particles. SEM-EDX analysis also showed that the mineral composition of aero sediments and PM10 particles is heterogeneous and constantly changing. These findings were also supported by analytical studies of X-ray powder diffraction which has made a similar mineral composition (quartz, feldspar, clay, gypsum, dolomite, calcite, mica, chlorite, and hematite). Chemical composition of aero sediments and PM10 particles has shown dominant share of oxides SiO2, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 enriched with the contents of many toxic elements (such as Pb, Zn, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Cr). This paper shows that the concentration of particles, mineralogical and chemical characterization of air particles from coal mine and power plant, is crucial for the inhalation fractions, and for the identification of potentially dangerous (hazardous) components in air sediments and particulate matter (PM10). Concentrations of microelements in PM10 particles indicated that As and Co in Lazarevac and Cd in Veliki Crljeni are above the maximum permitted level. The biggest concern is for the concentration of As and Cd, two highly toxic elements that can cause serious illness inhaling. The presence of arsenic in air sediments whose concentrations exceed the daily intake was determined so that there is a legitimate fear in the investigated area of causing disease by inhalation of these metals..