ÉTUDE DU RÉGIME ALIMENTAIRE DE L’ANCHOIS EUROPÉEN (ENGRAULIS ENCRASICOLUS) EN ATLANTIQUE NORD-EST ET EN MÉDITERRANÉE

Jemaa Sharif, Perrine Cuvilliers, Mahmoud Bacha, Gaby Khalaf et Rachid Amara. A study on the diet variation of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Atlantique and Mediterranean water. 2016. Lebanese Science Journal, 17(1): 77-92. This study evaluated diet variation of European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in productive and oligotrophic areas. The diet of the European anchovy was studied at 13 different sites along its geographic distribution range. In all sites, the diet was mainly based on copepods that represented 33 to 98% of the prey identified and were found in over 80% of the stomachs analyzed. The dominant copepod species and the various secondary preys such as ostracods, gastropods, and eggs varied among locations. Multivariate analyses (AFC, CAH, nMDS) distinguished three groups according to sites: group 1 in the Northwestern Mediterranean, Atlantic, Channel/North Sea; group 2 in the Algero-Provençal Basin (Ghazaouet, Bénisaf and Bejaia); and group 3 in the Eastern Mediterranean (Lebanon and Turkey). The differences among groups were based on the presence of specific prey types, such as, zooplankton, cyprid larvae, barnacles in the first group, bivalves and amphipods in the second group, and ostracods, mysids, and euphausiids in the third group. These groupings reflected the dissimilarities of hydrographic characteristics and biological productivity between regions. Examination of the stomach contents highlights the significant presence of plastic (13-16% of the content in some sites), where the vast majority came from fishing gear filaments

Culture and growth of the jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca in the laboratory

International audienceFour cohorts of the scyphozoan jellyfish Pelagia noctiluca were grown in the laboratory. For the first time, P. noctiluca was grown from eggs through to reproductive adults. The maximum life span in the laboratory was 17 mo. Pelagia noctiluca were first observed to release gametes at an umbrella diameter of 2.4 cm. Laboratory growth under steady feeding conditions showed initial growth followed by stagnation until dietary conditions were altered. A mismatch between the availability of optimal food and the presence of developmental stages may significantly increase the mortality rates of the young stages. Non-motile prey improved survival of ephyrae stages compared with zooplankton, but good survival and ephyrae growth were only obtained with a high-energy sea urchin egg diet. Maximal growth rates were up to 30% d(-1) for young ephyrae and 1.5-4% d(-1) for adults. Maximal growth rates were comparable between laboratory and in situ growth observations in the Ligurian Sea during 1969 and 2013. Combining observations would suggest that 230 d of continuous growth are required to reach the largest mean size observed in the wild (June 2013, mean +/- SD = 15.6 +/- 2.8 cm, range = 12-21 cm). We suggest that 90-120 d of continuous growth from planula larvae would yield reproductive individuals under ideal growing conditions. We discuss the daily prey abundances required by each individual to sustain basal metabolism and the observed growth rates

PROJET GALION. Gestion alternative de la pêcherie chalutière du Golfe du Lion

Améliorer la gestion des ressources marines est donc un impératif au maintien des entreprises de pêche, c’est pourquoi les pêcheurs chalutiers du golfe du Lion ont lancé l’initiative du projet GALION pour permettre de définir de nouveaux modes de gestion pour cette pêcherie. Le projet intègre plusieurs phases de collecte de données en mer dans le cadre d’un partenariat entre scientifiques, pêcheurs et économistes. Plusieurs actions sont menées au cours des trois années du projet : 1. Cartographier la distribution des captures et rejets. 2. Définir des habitats sensibles ou à risque. 3. Analyser la sélectivité des engins de pêche et leur impact économique. 4. Proposer des stratégies de pêche limitant les rejets. Ainsi le projet GALION vise à fournir aux pêcheurs une aide à la décision pour la meilleure stratégie de pêche à adopter. Ce projet est porté par l’AMOP, en partenariat avec l’Ifremer, le projet DISCARDLESS, le Cépralmar, Capacités Mer et SEANEO. Il a également bénéficié des soutiens financiers de l’association France Filière Pêche, de la Région Occitanie, de la Région Provence Alpes Côtes d’Azur, du Conseil Départemental du Gard et du Conseil Départemental de l’Hérault