5,151 research outputs found
Examining Mental Health and Well-being Provision in Schools in Europe: Methodological Approach
Schools are considered an ideal setting for community-based mental health and well-being interventions for young people. However, in spite of extensive literature examining the effectiveness of such interventions, very few studies have investigated existing mental health and well-being provision in schools. The current study aims to extend such previous research by surveying primary and secondary schools to investigate the nature of available provision in nine European countries (Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Poland, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, the UK and Ukraine). Furthermore, the study aims to investigate potential barriers to mental health and well-being provision and compare provision within and between countries
Modelling Heat Transfer of Carbon Nanotubes
Modelling heat transfer of carbon nanotubes is important for the thermal
management of nanotube-based composites and nanoelectronic device. By using a
finite element method for three-dimensional anisotropic heat transfer, we have
simulated the heat conduction and temperature variations of a single nanotube,
a nanotube array and a part of nanotube-based composite surface with heat
generation. The thermal conductivity used is obtained from the upscaled value
from the molecular simulations or experiments. Simulations show that nanotube
arrays have unique cooling characteristics due to its anisotropic thermal
conductivity.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figure
Weighted-density approximation for general nonuniform fluid mixtures
In order to construct a general density-functional theory for nonuniform
fluid mixtures, we propose an extension to multicomponent systems of the
weighted-density approximation (WDA) of Curtin and Ashcroft [Phys. Rev. A 32,
2909 (1985)]. This extension corrects a deficiency in a similar extension
proposed earlier by Denton and Ashcroft [Phys. Rev. A 42, 7312 (1990)], in that
that functional cannot be applied to the multi-component nonuniform fluid
systems with spatially varying composition, such as solid-fluid interfaces. As
a test of the accuracy of our new functional, we apply it to the calculation of
the freezing phase diagram of a binary hard-sphere fluid, and compare the
results to simulation and the Denton-Ashcroft extension.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E as Brief Repor
Intoxicated eyewitnesses:the effect of a fully balanced placebo design on event memory and metacognitive control
Few studies have examined the impact of alcohol on metacognition for witnessed events. We used a 2x2 balanced placebo design, where mock-witnesses expected and drank alcohol, did not expect but drank alcohol, did not expect nor drank alcohol, or expected but did not drink alcohol. Participants watched a mock-crime in a bar-lab, followed by free recall and a cued-recall test with or without the option to reply ‘don’t know’ (DK). Intoxicated mock-witnesses’ free recall was less complete but not less accurate. During cued-recall, alcohol led to lower accuracy, and reverse placebo participants gave more erroneous and fewer correct responses. Permitting and clarifying DK responses was associated with fewer errors and more correct responses for sober individuals; and intoxicated witnesses were less likely to opt out of erroneous responding to unanswerable questions. Our findings highlight the practical and theoretical importance of examining pharmacological effects of alcohol and expectancies in real-life settings
Supersymmetry Breaking Triggered by Monopoles
We investigate N = 1 supersymmetric gauge theories where monopole
condensation triggers supersymmetry breaking in a metastable vacuum. The
low-energy effective theory is an O'Raifeartaigh-like model of the kind
investigated recently by Shih where the R-symmetry can be spontaneously broken.
We examine several implementations with varying degrees of phenomenological
interest.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figures (v2: minor clarifications and typos fixed
A Flavor Protection for Warped Higgsless Models
We examine various possibilities for realistic 5D higgsless models and
construct a full quark sector featuring next-to-minimal flavor violation (with
an exact bulk SU(2) protecting the first two generations) satisfying
electroweak and flavor constraints. The "new custodially protected
representation" is used for the third generation to protect the light quarks
from flavor violations induced due to the heavy top. A combination of flavor
symmetries, and RS-GIM for the right-handed quarks suppresses flavor-changing
neutral currents below experimental bounds, assuming CKM-type mixing on the UV
brane. In addition to the usual higgsless RS signals, this model predicts an
exotic charge-5/3 quark with mass of about 0.5 TeV which should show up at the
LHC very quickly, as well as nonzero flavor-changing neutral currents which
could be detected in the next generation of flavor experiments. In the course
of our analysis, we also find quantitative estimates for the errors of the
fermion zero mode approximation, which are significant for higgsless-type
models.Comment: 26 pages, 3 figures. v2: References added, typos fixed, corrected C4
bounds (now less severe), slightly extended discussion of result
Acute alcohol administration dampens central extended amygdala reactivity.
Alcohol use is common, imposes a staggering burden on public health, and often resists treatment. The central extended amygdala (EAc)-including the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce)-plays a key role in prominent neuroscientific models of alcohol drinking, but the relevance of these regions to acute alcohol consumption in humans remains poorly understood. Using a single-blind, randomized-groups design, multiband fMRI data were acquired from 49 social drinkers while they performed a well-established emotional faces paradigm after consuming either alcohol or placebo. Relative to placebo, alcohol significantly dampened reactivity to emotional faces in the BST. To rigorously assess potential regional differences in activation, data were extracted from unbiased, anatomically predefined regions of interest. Analyses revealed similar levels of dampening in the BST and Ce. In short, alcohol transiently reduces reactivity to emotional faces and it does so similarly across the two major divisions of the human EAc. These observations reinforce the translational relevance of addiction models derived from preclinical work in rodents and provide new insights into the neural systems most relevant to the consumption of alcohol and to the initial development of alcohol abuse in humans
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