Hyperfine Interactions in the Heavy Fermion CeMIn_5 Systems

The CeMIn_5 heavy fermion compounds have attracted enormous interest since their discovery six years ago. These materials exhibit a rich spectrum of unusual correlated electron behavior, and may be an ideal model for the high temperature superconductors. As many of these systems are either antiferromagnets, or lie close to an antiferromagnetic phase boundary, it is crucial to understand the behavior of the dynamic and static magnetism. Since neutron scattering is difficult in these materials, often the primary source of information about the magnetic fluctuations is Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). Therefore, it is crucial to have a detailed understanding of how the nuclear moments interact with conduction electrons and the local moments present in these systems. Here we present a detailed analysis of the hyperfine coupling based on anisotropic hyperfine coupling tensors between nuclear moments and local moments. Because the couplings are symmetric with respect to bond axes rather than crystal lattice directions, the nuclear sites can experience non-vanishing hyperfine fields even in high symmetry sites.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

An Application of Engineering 4.0 to Hospitalized Patients

In this paper the authors address the problem of surveillance of bedridden patients in hospitals and residences for elderly. Unfortunately, patients cannot be supervised by operators 24 h a day, given the associated costs. An attempt to solve this problem is already provided by wearable devices. This paper describes a 4.0 system implemented to overcome the limits (identified by interviewing a sample of nurses belonging to different facilities) of the wearable devices available on the market. The system proposed consists in monitoring the bed, instead of the patient, through applied sensors. By centralizing and analyzing the data collected it is possible to promptly inform the operative center of the occurrence of risky events to which bedridden patients are normally subjected. The scope of the system is preventing such risks, where possible, or mitigating their effects with a real time intervention. A case study on an active facility, conducted as a pilot project, confirms the humanitarian and economic benefits for patients and facility

Smart Inventory 4.0: Advanced version

The Authors of this paper had first conceptualized and then developed the automated picking plant described in the paper “A 4.0 Automated Warehouse Storage and Picking System for Order Fulfillment”, presented by the Authors to the WCE 2021 IAENG Congress and awarded with the “Best Paper Award of the 2021 International Conference of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management”. In the perspective of the continuous improvement of Industry 4.0 they have brought to this first system the significant functional improvements object of this paper. In particular, having found that the loading of the goods in the individual boxes was carried out by the Operators in this factory by using ladders on which they climbed, without the necessary PPE and carrying the load manually, with the consequent risk of falling from such heights (3-6m) to cause even serious physical damage, the Authors first studied and then implemented an automatic loading system. A second problem was then highlighted for the storage of special products such as Food and Pharma, that, unlike what happens in the Beauty Sector (for which the plant was designed), need to remain in specific conditions of temperature and relative humidity. The paper describes how, in this new version, the two parameters are monitored in each single box by means of appropriate sensors that send alerts to the centralized control system when these parameters are outside the preset threshold. In this way, prompt remedial intervention is possible, avoiding the deterioration of the contents of the boxes and the consequent economic damage deriving from their alienation. All this is made possible at acceptable costs thanks to the technologies offered by Industry 4.0 such as modern robotics and Data Centralization via IIoT for monitoring and control

Engineering Solutions 4.0 in the fight against the spread of Covid 19 A new Methodology including processes, procedures and devices

Thanks to the principles and technologies made available by Industry 4.0, the authors conceptualized and modeled a new strategy, capable of making an effective contribution to the problem of limiting contagion from Covid19 today, and tomorrow from any possible other type virus, bacteria or pathogen agent introduced by subjects who, although unaware of being vectors, develop the infection only after their access to the places of stay (Hotel, office, Infrastructure, etc.) where they go to reside. The key point of the strategy is a 4.0 thermoscanner, created by the authors, which is positioned in appropriately chosen locations of the settlement and an innovative method of disinfection of the same implemented by means of UV-C rays and Ozone in the gaseous state, produced by a machine, also conceptualized and developed by the authors, capable of reproducing the Chapman Cycle with the associated advantages. Therefore, it is operated an absolute disinfection based on a reversible cycle Oxygen-Ozone-Oxygen, with a prompt re-habitability of the treated rooms, with minimal treatment costs and without the use of expensive and unhealthy chemicals or wet water vapor (incompatible with paper and electronics). This technology was described in the paper “Sanitizing of Confined Spaces Using Gaseous Ozone Produced by 4.0 Machines” presented by the authors to the WCE 2021 IAENG Congress and awarded with the “Best Paper Award of the 2021 International Conference of Systems Biology and Bioengineering”. In the presence of a Person with a fever, the thermoscanner automatically launches an alert to the site Safety officers, who confine him to an isolated place and make the Health Institutions intervene and take it over

Through Engineering 4.0 the Safe Operating Block for Patients and Medical Staff

The Paper deals with the management of the operating block in its many activities. By a new approach and with innovative machinery specific several problems were thus studied and overcome, such as the control of hospital infections, the operations of washing and sterilization of surgical instruments, the planning of interventions, the tracking of drugs and medical devices entering the operating block, the management of stocks, the bed management, the monitoring of environmental parameters for patient comfort and safety, the monitoring of machines and the interlocking of doors, etc. Furthermore, it is proposed a wide use of the analytical tools to support decision making, extended to the most modern Cyber-Physical Systems and Digital Twin, alongside Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence algorithms. Concluding with the new services that can be offered following the digital transformation 4.0 process of the operating block. Using the tools made available by the most advanced Engineering, an operating block was redesigned, safer for patients and medical staff and more efficient from a conduction point of view. This is done using an administration model that was first conceptualized, designed and then implemented adopting what is made available by Industry 4.0, as well as a series of Management Engineering methodologies aimed at an optimized government of complex systems. Through the data collected by appropriate sensors and translated by the software into usable information, there is an optimal use of the available resources, furthermore, the activities for which improvements can be made with the benefit of patients and structures are identified

What has NMR taught us about stripes and inhomogeneity?

The purpose of this brief invited paper is to summarize what we have (not) learned from NMR on stripes and inhomogeneity in La{2-x}Sr{x}CuO{4}. We explain that the reality is far more complicated than generally accepted.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Proceedings of the LT-23 Conference (invited

A field study on human factor and safety performances in a downstream oil industry

afety culture and awareness by workers are pivotal tools for the implementation of systematic procedures aiming to risk mitigation in the process industry. The evaluation of human factors on safety performance can reveal unsafe attitudes and failures in training, supervision and management, whose correction greatly contribute to the enhancement of safety program. In this work, the role of human factors in an oil industry was studied by the collection of field data through a structured questionnaire filled by shift, daily and outsourced workers. A deep investigation on the variables involved in the process was carried out, firstly quantifying three conceptual key dimensions (individual, human resource management, equipment and technology) and then analyzing data by means of Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to identify the statistical significant factors and the overall level of safety awareness, behaviour and risk perception of the respondents

Emergent states in heavy electron materials

We obtain the conditions necessary for the emergence of various low temperature ordered states (local moment antiferromagnetism, unconventional superconductivity, quantum criticality, and Landau Fermi liquid behavior) in Kondo lattice materials by extending the two-fluid phenomenological theory of heavy electron behavior to incorporate the concept of hybridization effectiveness. We use this expanded framework to present a new phase digram and consistent physical explanation and quantitative description of measured emergent behaviors such as the pressure variation of the onset of local moment antiferromagnetic ordering at T_N, the magnitude of the ordered moment, the growth of superconductivity within that ordered state, the location of a quantum critical point, and of a delocalization line in the pressure/temperature phase diagram at which local moments have disappeared and the heavy electron Fermi surface has grown to its maximum size. We apply our model to CeRhIn_5 and a number of other heavy electron materials and find good agreement with experiment.Comment: 20 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl

A predictive standard model for heavy electron systems

We propose a predictive standard model for heavy electron systems based on a detailed phenomenological two-fluid description of existing experimental data. It leads to a new phase diagram that replaces the Doniach picture, describes the emergent anomalous scaling behavior of the heavy electron (Kondo) liquid measured below the lattice coherence temperature, T*, seen by many different experimental probes, that marks the onset of collective hybridization, and enables one to obtain important information on quantum criticality and the superconducting/antiferromagnetic states at low temperatures. Because T* is ~J^2\rho/2, the nearest neighbor RKKY interaction, a knowledge of the single-ion Kondo coupling, J, to the background conduction electron density of states, \rho, makes it possible to predict Kondo liquid behavior, and to estimate its maximum superconducting transition temperature in both existing and newly discovered heavy electron families.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. for SCES 201

Hybridization-driven gap in U3Bi4Ni3: a 209Bi NMR/NQR study

We report 209Bi NMR and NQR measurements on a single crystal of the Kondo insulator U3Bi4Ni3. The 209Bi nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate ($T_1^{-1}$) shows activated behavior and is well-fit by a spin gap of 220 K. The 209Bi Knight shift (K) exhibits a strong temperature dependence arising from 5f electrons, in which K is negative at high temperatures and increases as the temperature is lowered. Below 50 K, K shows a broad maximum and decreases slightly upon further cooling. Our data provide insight into the evolution of the hyperfine fields in a fully gapped Kondo insulator based on 5f electron hybridization.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.