13,999 research outputs found
Health Research Participants' Preferences for Receiving Research Results
BACKGROUND: Participants in health research studies typically express interest in receiving results from the studies in which they participate. However, participantsâ preferences and experiences related to receiving results are not well understood. In general, existing studies have had relatively small sample sizes and typically address specific and often sensitive issues within targeted populations. METHODS: The present study used an online survey to explore attitudes and experiences of registrants in ResearchMatch, a large database of past, present, and potential health research participants. Survey respondents provided information related to whether or not they received research results from studies in which they participated, the methods used to communicate results, their satisfaction with results, and when and how they would like to receive research results from future studies. 70,699 ResearchMatch registrants were notified of the studyâs topic. Of the 5,207 registrants who requested full information about the study, 3,381 respondents completed the survey. RESULTS: Approximately 33% of respondents with previous health research participation reported receiving results. Approximately half of respondents with previous research participation reported no opportunity to request results. However, almost all respondents said researchers should always or sometimes offer results to participants. Respondents expressed particular interest in results related to their (or a loved one's) health, as well as information about studiesâ purposes and any medical advances based on the results. In general, respondentsâ most preferred dissemination methods for results were email and website postings. The least desirable dissemination methods for results included Twitter, conference calls, and text messages. Across all results, we compare the responses of respondents with and without previous research participation experience, and those who have worked in research organizations vs. those who have not. Compared to respondents who have previous participation experience, a greater proportion of respondents with no participation experience indicated that results should always be shared with participants. Likewise, respondents with no participation experience placed higher importance on the receipt of each type of results information included in the survey. CONCLUSIONS: We present findings from a survey assessing attitudes and experiences of a broad sample of respondents that addresses gaps in knowledge related to participantsâ preferences for receiving results. The studyâs findings highlight the potential for inconsistency between respondentsâ expressed preferences to receive specific types of results via specific methods and researchersâ unwillingness or inability to provide them. We present specific recommendations to shift the approach of new studies to investigate participantsâ preferences for receiving research results
Strategic Network Formation with Attack and Immunization
Strategic network formation arises where agents receive benefit from
connections to other agents, but also incur costs for forming links. We
consider a new network formation game that incorporates an adversarial attack,
as well as immunization against attack. An agent's benefit is the expected size
of her connected component post-attack, and agents may also choose to immunize
themselves from attack at some additional cost. Our framework is a stylized
model of settings where reachability rather than centrality is the primary
concern and vertices vulnerable to attacks may reduce risk via costly measures.
In the reachability benefit model without attack or immunization, the set of
equilibria is the empty graph and any tree. The introduction of attack and
immunization changes the game dramatically; new equilibrium topologies emerge,
some more sparse and some more dense than trees. We show that, under a mild
assumption on the adversary, every equilibrium network with agents contains
at most edges for . So despite permitting topologies denser
than trees, the amount of overbuilding is limited. We also show that attack and
immunization don't significantly erode social welfare: every non-trivial
equilibrium with respect to several adversaries has welfare at least as that of
any equilibrium in the attack-free model.
We complement our theory with simulations demonstrating fast convergence of a
new bounded rationality dynamic which generalizes linkstable best response but
is considerably more powerful in our game. The simulations further elucidate
the wide variety of asymmetric equilibria and demonstrate topological
consequences of the dynamics e.g. heavy-tailed degree distributions. Finally,
we report on a behavioral experiment on our game with over 100 participants,
where despite the complexity of the game, the resulting network was
surprisingly close to equilibrium.Comment: The short version of this paper appears in the proceedings of WINE-1
Radiation recoil from highly distorted black holes
We present results from numerical evolutions of single black holes distorted
by axisymmetric, but equatorially asymmetric, gravitational (Brill) waves. Net
radiated energies, apparent horizon embeddings, and recoil velocities are shown
for a range of Brill wave parameters, including both even and odd parity
distortions of Schwarzschild black holes. We find that a wave packet initially
concentrated on the black hole throat, a likely model also for highly
asymmetric stellar collapse and late stage binary mergers, can generate a
maximum recoil velocity of about 150 (23) km/sec for even (odd) parity
perturbations, significantly less than that required to eject black holes from
galactic cores.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figure
Intelligent multimedia indexing and retrieval through multi-source information extraction and merging
This paper reports work on automated meta-data\ud
creation for multimedia content. The approach results\ud
in the generation of a conceptual index of\ud
the content which may then be searched via semantic\ud
categories instead of keywords. The novelty\ud
of the work is to exploit multiple sources of\ud
information relating to video content (in this case\ud
the rich range of sources covering important sports\ud
events). News, commentaries and web reports covering\ud
international football games in multiple languages\ud
and multiple modalities is analysed and the\ud
resultant data merged. This merging process leads\ud
to increased accuracy relative to individual sources
Applying black hole perturbation theory to numerically generated spacetimes
Nonspherical perturbation theory has been necessary to understand the meaning
of radiation in spacetimes generated through fully nonlinear numerical
relativity. Recently, perturbation techniques have been found to be successful
for the time evolution of initial data found by nonlinear methods. Anticipating
that such an approach will prove useful in a variety of problems, we give here
both the practical steps, and a discussion of the underlying theory, for taking
numerically generated data on an initial hypersurface as initial value data and
extracting data that can be considered to be nonspherical perturbations.Comment: 14 pages, revtex3.0, 5 figure
Head-on collisions of black holes: the particle limit
We compute gravitational radiation waveforms, spectra and energies for a
point particle of mass falling from rest at radius into a
Schwarzschild hole of mass . This radiation is found to lowest order in
with the use of a Laplace transform. In contrast with numerical
relativity results for head-on collisions of equal-mass holes, the radiated
energy is found not to be a monotonically increasing function of initial
separation; there is a local radiated-energy maximum at . The
present results, along with results for infall from infinity, provide a
complete catalog of waveforms and spectra for particle infall. We give a
representative sample from that catalog and an interesting observation: Unlike
the simple spectra for other head-on collisions (either of particle and hole,
or of equal mass holes) the spectra for show a series of
evenly spaced bumps. A simple explanation is given for this. Lastly, our energy
vs. results are compared with approximation methods used elsewhere, for
small and for large initial separation.Comment: 15 pages, REVTeX, 25 figure
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Emerging Opportunities in Library Services: Planning for the Future of Scholarly Publishing
In 2007, the Columbia University Libraries/Information Services (CUL/IS) established the Center for Digital Research and Scholarship (CDRS) to explore and provision new research support services for the university in all areas of scholarly communication, including online scholarly publishing. One of six organizations comprising the Digital Programs and Technology Services group within CUL/IS, CDRS assists faculty, students, staff, and university affiliates with their scholarly communication and digital research needs through a suite of services: publishing support, digital research repository, conference websites and video recording, research data management, and more. Nine of its 17 full-time employees belong to a production team comprising developers, designers, and project managers from diverse academic and professional backgrounds, only one of whom holds a masterâs degree in library science. CDRS seeks publishing partnerships with a variety of on-campus groups and individuals and embraces partnerships with
allied organizations such as scholarly presses and societies as well. A proponent of eliminating barriers to the progress of research, CDRS advocates for open access (OA) publishing models. This is exemplified by Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements, the peer-reviewed, faculty-run OA journal now indexed in PubMed, which CDRS publishes. To help offset the OA journal publication costs, Tremor authors pay an article processing
fee, although waivers and alternative methods of funding are available. In practice, CDRSâ approach to publishing support is business modelâneutral, however,and OA is not a requirement for partnership. The journals program at CDRS has been successful, providing publishing support to 16
journals using the Open Journal Systems or WordPress platforms and interactive tools such as blogs and wikis in subject areas ranging from sciences to the humanities. A strategy for keeping this service sustainable and scalable has been the adoption of a tiered structure based on design and customization needs to control flow. Projects can take anywhere from one week for a barebones installation to over 17 weeks for the Premier service
A Framework for Collecting Realistic Recordings of Dysarthric Speech - the homeService Corpus
This paper introduces a new British English speech database, named the homeService corpus, which has been gathered as part of the
homeService project. This project aims to help users with speech and motor disabilities to operate their home appliances using voice
commands. The audio recorded during such interactions consists of realistic data of speakers with severe dysarthria. The majority of the
homeService corpus is recorded in real home environments where voice control is often the normal means by which users interact with
their devices. The collection of the corpus is motivated by the shortage of realistic dysarthric speech corpora available to the scientific
community. Along with the details on how the data is organised and how it can be accessed, a brief description of the framework used
to make the recordings is provided. Finally, the performance of the homeService automatic recogniser for dysarthric speech trained
with single-speaker data from the corpus is provided as an initial baseline. Access to the homeService corpus is provided through the
dedicated web page at http://mini.dcs.shef.ac.uk/resources/homeservice-corpus/. This will also have the most
updated description of the data. At the time of writing the collection process is still ongoing
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