Do lemurs know when they could be wrong? An investigation of information seeking in three species of lemur (<i>Lemur catta, Eulemur rubriventer, </i>and<i> Varecia variegata</i>)

Sixteen lemurs, including representatives from three species (Lemur catta, Eulemur rubriventer, Varecia variegata), were presented with a food seeking task where information about the rewards location, in one of two plastic tubes, was either known or not known. We evaluated whether lemurs would first look into the tube prior to making a choice. This information-seeking task aimed to assess whether subjects would display memory awareness, seeking additional information when they became aware they lacked knowledge of the rewards location. We predicted lemurs would be more likely to look into the tube when they had insufficient knowledge about the rewards position. Lemurs successfully gained the reward on most trials. However, they looked on the majority of trials regardless of whether they had all the necessary information to make a correct choice. The minimal cost to looking may have resulted in checking behaviour both to confirm what they already knew and to gain knowledge they did not have. When the cost of looking increased (elevating end of tube requiring additional energy expenditure to look inside - Experiment 2), lemurs still looked into tubes on both seen and unseen trials; however, the frequency of looking increased when opaque tubes were used (where they could not see the rewards location after baiting). This could suggest they checked more when they were less sure of their knowledge state

Home for Good? Preparing to Support People with Learning Difficulties in Residential Settings when they Develop Dementia

This report explores the findings of a study which investigated the current models of practice for supporting people with learning difficulties and dementia living in care home settings. It looked at the key issues and discovered examples of best practice in relating to providing care homes for this group. The report includes a poster with some quick tips for staff supporting people with learning difficulties and dementia

Weaving Open Dialogue Using Canada’s Open Science Roadmap Framework

Open science (OS) as a movement has transformative potential in making the process of scientific research transparent and collaborative as well as the outputs freely accessible to all in society. However, these opportunities and challenges are subject to biases and entrenched in power disparities. In addition, the very broad nature of open science also invokes challenges in having meaningful discussions. In 2020, the Government of Canada unveiled a national framework, Roadmap to Open Science, which provided overarching principles and recommendations to allow federal science to be open to all. The University of Toronto (U of T) used this national open science framework to guide an international group of researchers and librarians to discuss open science in practical terms and engage the audience in being part of the dialogue. The five high-level principles of People, Transparency, Inclusiveness, Collaboration, and Sustainability were used as the structure in order to guide discussions into the current state of open science practices on-the-ground in academia. The University of Toronto Library (UTL) partnered with the Centre for Research & Innovation Support (CRIS) to host engaging conversations in a series of five virtual panels, Open Science: Following the Roadmap for Research, held in November 2021. The panelists consisted of librarians, faculty, and researchers from local, national as well as international institutions and organizations. Two core considerations on developing the make-up of the panels were to ensure diversity amongst panelists and have librarians included in every panel. The conversations were thought-provoking and touched-on aspects such as who is included and excluded in the various stages in research, implications of funding and control, infrastructure, power dynamics, and preservation of information. This paper will discuss the open science panel series and common themes which emerged from the conversations

Learning space attributes: reflections on academic library design and its use

Even though students are not using the print collection, they still choose to go to the library for academic pursuits. The continuing preferences of students for library space can be examined in the light of a hierarchy of needs made up of layers of access and linkages, of uses and activities, of sociability, and of comfort and image. A space which combines attributes from all four levels is an ideal learning space

Inside Look: Digitizing a Historic Card Index

Oregon Index Online (https://digital.osl.state.or.us/islandora/object/osl:or_index) is a resource for discovering information about the news, events, and people who shaped Oregon. It builds on the decades of work that went into creating the physical Oregon Index. This article reviews the methods library staff took to digitize and process nearly 800,000 cards to make the Oregon Index available online. &nbsp; Note: A new version of this article was posted on Nov. 6, 2020, to include the authors' updated State Library of Oregon email addresses

Music Therapy for Treatment of BPSD

Alzheimer\u27s disease can cause a decline in cognitive and physical abilities, however, behavioral and psychological issues can occur as well. With the many ways to alleviate behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD), music therapy shows to be an effective, low-cost, feasible, and safe option for patients. Music therapy can reduce BPSD and equips caregivers with a non-pharmalogical way to provide their loved ones with comfort

Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of the advanced nurse practitioner role in primary care settings: a scoping review

Background: Workload and workforce issues in primary care are key drivers for the growing international trend to expand nursing roles. Advanced nurse practitioners are increasingly being appointed to take on activities and roles traditionally carried out by doctors. Successful implementation of any new role within multidisciplinary teams is complex and time-consuming, therefore it is important to understand the factors that may hinder or support implementation of the advanced nurse practitioner role in primary care settings. Objectives: To identify, appraise and synthesise the barriers and facilitators that impact implementation of advanced practitioner roles in primary care settings. Methods: A scoping review conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) framework and reported in accordance with PRISMA-ScR. Eight databases (Cochrane Library, Health Business Elite, Kings Fund Library, HMIC, Medline, CINAHL, SCOPUS and Web of Science) were searched to identify studies published in English between 2002 and 2017. Study selection and methodological assessment were conducted by two independent reviewers. A pre-piloted extraction form was used to extract the following data: study characteristics, context, participants and information describing the advanced nurse practitioner role. Deductive coding for barriers and facilitators was undertaken using a modified Yorkshire Contributory Framework. We used inductive coding for barriers or facilitators that could not be classified using pre-defined codes. Disagreements were addressed through discussion. Descriptive data was tabulated within evidence tables, and key findings for barriers and facilitators were brought together within a narrative synthesis based on the volume of evidence. Findings: Systematic searching identified 5976 potential records, 2852 abstracts were screened, and 122 full texts were retrieved. Fifty-four studies (reported across 76 publications) met the selection criteria. Half of the studies (n=27) were conducted in North America (n=27), and 25/54 employed a qualitative design. The advanced nurse practitioner role was diverse, working across the lifespan and with different patient groups. However, there was little agreement about the level of autonomy, or what constituted everyday activities. Team factors were the most frequently reported barrier and facilitator. Individual factors, lines of responsibility and ‘other’ factors (i.e. funding), were also frequently reported barriers. Facilitators included individual factors, supervision and leadership and ‘other’ factors (i.e. funding, planning for role integration). Conclusion: Building collaborative relationships with other healthcare professionals and negotiating the role are critical to the success of the implementation of the advanced nurse practitioner role. Team consensus about the role and how it integrates into the wider team is also essential