Maslow’s model of needs: application to Cunard and White Star marketing communications between 1900 and the 1950s

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse Cunard’s marketing communications during a period of significant social and economic change. The intention is to show firstly how the company sought to meet and influence potential passengers understanding of their needs and secondly, how these would be met. Design/methodology/approach Maslow’s model of needs is used as the analytical methodology. Findings Beyond a description and review of Cunard’s marketing communications, Maslow’s model of needs is shown to provide a rationale to the company’s approach. In particular, it gives an understanding of the continued, though changing, use of images of the ship to meet the needs of different cohorts of passengers. It shows how carefully constructed images in both word and picture assuaged passengers concerns over social needs and how the company promised to meet the highest needs, whether that be for the holiday maker or the emigrant. Research Limitations During much of the period under discussion much of the advertising design work was done in house. Whilst none of these files have survived, other sources of information (for example, house magazines and internal correspondence) provide an understanding of Cunard’s attitude to its customers and the business opportunities it saw in a changing market. Where specific dates for documents are not available, a chronology of shipbuilding and use has been applied. Practical implications The paper shows how a well-established model can be used in a different way, adding to our understanding of a company adapting to changing social and economic conditions. Originality/Value As far as the author is aware this is the first time that Maslow’s model has been used explicitly as a tool to analyse marketing communication. Whilst the existing literature includes some discussion of shipping line posters visual content, there is little further discussion of their content or purpose in a changing social context. This paper provides a more structured analytical view

Novel Feelings: Emotion, Duration, and the Form of the Eighteenth-Century British Novel

One of the first features of the eighteenth-century novel to strike the modern reader is its sheer length, and yet critics have argued that these novels prioritize emotional experiences that are essentially fleeting. “Novel Feelings” corrects this imbalance by attending to ongoing emotional experiences like suspense, familiarization, frustration, and hope—both as they are represented in novels and as they characterize readerly response to novels. In so doing, I demonstrate the centrality of such protracted emotional experiences to debates about the ethics of feeling in eighteenth-century Britain. Scholarship on the sentimental novel and the literature of sensibility tends to locates the ethical work of novel feeling in short, self-contained depictions of a character’s sympathetic response to another’s suffering. Such readings often rely on texts like Henry Mackenzie’s The Man of Feeling or Laurence Sterne’s A Sentimental Journey, short works composed out of even shorter, often disjointed scenes in which the focal characters encounter and respond emotionally to the distresses of others. And yet, these fragmentary productions which deliberately deemphasize narrative connection between scenes do not provide ideal models for approaching the complex large-scale plotting of many eighteenth-century novels. Through my attention to larger-scale formal techniques for provoking and sustaining feeling throughout the duration of reading a lengthy novel, I demonstrate how writers from Samuel Richardson to Jane Austen taught readers to linger with feelings, particularly ones that might initially produce pain or discomfort. By challenging readers to remain within a feeling that refuses to be over, these novels demand a vision of ethical action that would be similarly lasting—moving beyond the comfortable closure of a judgment passed or a sympathetic tear shed to imagine a continuous, open-ended attention to others

Simple Lessons from Multicultural Children

After designing, initiating, and collecting observational data for two years from a program for a kindergarten class of children representing several different ethnic groups, we present you with some insights to be considered by teachers and faculty

Simplicity in Organization - 5S for Streamlining Office Operations

Learn how 5S enabled me to successfully implement a new initiative in my department to restock all our laboratories with new first-aid kits and supplies. This tool took the project from utter chaos to simplicity. I included all the steps when designing the process from the initial ordering of supplies, delivering the first-aid kits to the customer, to implementing the process for inventory control

R.M.S. Franconia, Luncheon Menu, Wednesday, October 23, 1968

Cunard Line, R.M.S. Franconia. Bermuda Cruise. Luncheon Menu, Wenesday, October 23, 1968. Harry de Segh, Captain; J. Sawyer, Hotel Manager; W.K. Ransom, Chef de Cuisine

R.M.S. Franconia, Dinner Menu, Monday, October 21, 1968

Cunard Line, R.M.S. Franconia. Bermuda Cruise. Dinner Menu, Monday, October 21, 1968. Harry de Segh, Captain; J. Sawyer, Hotel Manager; W.K. Ransom, Chef de Cuisine

Towards Photonic Chip Integration of an Oscillating Photonic Bell State from a Semiconductor Quantum Dot

The demand for entangled photon sources has been growing in all areas of quantum information technologies. However, many modern single-photon sources suffer from fundamental limitations which limit their ability to produce these single-photons, as many of the “high quality” sources are probabilistic in nature. This probabilistic emission limits the “on-demand” requirement needed for many quantum information technologies. As a result, other types of single photon sources have been the topic of research for the past two decades, in which quantum dots are a promising candidate. Quantum dots are regions in space which electron-hole pairs can be confined and, using a phenomenon called ”spontaneous emission,” can emit single photons on demand. This is because the creation of electron-hole pairs is a deterministic process, which is a major topic of study in this thesis. In addition, the quantum dot which is the focus of this thesis is capable of emitting pairs of entangled photons on-demand, which have a wide array of applications in the quantum computing community. Our quantum dot is also embedded inside a nanowire, which this thesis will show, improves its performance in the areas which are considered important to the quantum dot, quantum computing, quantum networking, and quantum communication communities. The nanowire quantum dots, comprised of an InAsP quantum dot embedded in an InP nanowire studied in this thesis show improvements over other quantum dot sources in key areas: photon purity, with a g(2)_XX (0) = 0.0055 ± 0.0003 and g(2)_X (0) = 0.0028 ± 0.0003, and entanglement, with peak concurrence (fidelity) values of C = 95.6 ± 0.7% (F = 97.7 ± 0.4%) and lifetime weighted concurrence (fidelity) of C = 90.2 ± 0.2% (F = 94.0 ± 0.1%). These results are an improvement from previous results on the same nanowire quantum dot, with peak concurrence of C = 87 ± 4% and lifetime weighted concurrence of C = 52 ± 3%. The reason for the improvements on the same dot is because of the detection systems, superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. These detectors have far less timing jitter, dark counts, and higher efficiency than their counterparts, single photon avalanche diodes, which suggests these quantum dots are far better than previously thought. This thesis explores the effects of the detection systems in resolving a time-dependent oscillating quantum state, which occurs when a quantum dot has a fine-structure splitting. The fine-structure splitting is present in quantum dots that have strain, random alloying, or an asymmetric confining potential, causing asymmetry in the physical dimensions of the quantum dot. This asymmetry causes a lifting in the degeneracy of the exciton state, which causes the exciton state to precess. This oscillation happens on a timescale similar to the single photon avalanche diodes timing jitter, causing a “blurring” of the oscillating quantum state. This is mediated by using faster detectors, which this thesis will explore. In addition to single photon sources, this thesis also focuses on the creation of photonic integrated circuits capable of supporting the photons emitted from our quantum dot. This is important because our quantum dot emits at wavelengths ≈ 894 nm, which is not supported by the silicon platform typically offered for photonic integrated circuits. This thesis will focus on a new platform, silicon nitride, which is capable of supporting light at our wavelengths. The results of this thesis demonstrate the simulated performance of the silicon nitride photonic integrated circuits at our wavelengths and lay the groundwork for a path forward to testing them with our source

2005 Revised Omaha Economic Development Plan: Plan for Northeast Omaha

The 2005 Revised OEDP provides OEDC with current data and analysis to initiate and complete a strategic process to develop an action plan for community and economic development activities and projects. The 2005 Revised Overall Economic Development Plan (OEDP) prepared by the Center for Public Affairs Research (CPAR) at the University of Nebraska at Omaha (UNO) for the Omaha Economic Development Corporation (OEDC) replaces the original OEDP first prepared in 1978. While a variety of revisions and updates over the years helped keep the original OEDP relatively current and helpful in development activities, in 2005 OEDC President Alvin Goodwin commissioned CPAR to provide a new basic planning document for the organization. Working with OEDC staff, and using the original OEDP as a framework, faculty and staff from CPAR, with the assistance of UNO graduate students, collected and analyzed data for the 2005 Revised Overall Economic Development Plan. The Revised OEDP retains and updates several of the sections from the original Plan but also adds new sections. Overall economic development plans contain a wealth of information about the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of the geographic area targeted for development by a community development corporation (CDC). CDCs, like the Omaha Economic Development Corporation, engage in many and varied community and economic development projects in its service area, and the overall economic development plan provides needed information to implement these projects. For example, the OEDP helps the community development corporation identify community needs as well as opportunities for business and economic development. Data from the OEDP can also be utilized for marketing and promotional purposes to attract new firms and customers. The OEDP serves as a source of information for formulating broad, long-term organizational goals, as well as specific, short-term development strategies and actions. Finally, the OEDP helps coordinate development activities, plans, and projects among the range of other organizations working in or adjacent to the target area

Endothelium-Dependent GenderDifferences inthe Response of the Rat Pulmonary Arteryto theThromboxane Mimic(U46619)1

ABSTRACT The pulmonaryarteriesof ratswere studiedinorderto determine the existence of sexual dimorphism. Gender differences, in the sensitivity (EC@)and maximum contractility (T,,,@) of ring prepa rations of the main pulmonary arteries of adult male and female rats, were evaluated with the syntheticendoperoxideanalog [(15S)-hydroxy-11a,9a-(epoxymethano)-prosta-5Z, I 3E-dienoic acid,] (U46619) and norepinephrine. There were no significant gender differences in the T@ values obtained with either U46619 or norepinephnne. However, when the intimal surface of vessel segments from female rats was rubbed, U46619 but not norep inephnne elicited a significantly lower T@. In contrast, no change inT@ was observedwithdenudedvesselsegmentsfrommales. Removal of the endothelium did not significantly affect the ECse of U46619 or norepinephnne in segmentsfrom either sex. The inhibitory effect of verapamil on the U46619-induced contractile responsewas studiedon both intactand denudedvesselsfrom rats of both gender. The T@ of intact vesselsfrom males but not femaleswas significantly attenuatedby verapamil(P < .05). The ECrevalues with verapamil were not significantly different in any of the vessel preparations. We suggest that the endothelium of the pulmonaryartery of female rats significantly potentiates the contractile response to U46619 and attenuates the inhibitory effectof verapamil. Sexual dimorphism in the vascular reactivity of isolated pulmonary blood vessels is of considerable interest owing to the reported gender differences in the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension. After sexual maturation, women pres ent with this disease three times more frequently than men (Wagenvoort and Wagenvoort, 1970). Recent studies demonstrate that the endothelium mediates the response of the underlying smooth muscle to several ago nists (DeMey and Vanhoutte, 1982; Singer and Peach, 1983) and may be involved in the development of pulmonary hyper tension (Molteni et at., 1984). An EDRF was reported by Furchgott and Zawadski (1980) and has subsequently been verified in various vascular preparations including the human pulmonary artery In addition to EDRF, the pulmonary endothelium may also release a contractile substance. Exuded lung surface fluid and lymph fluid collected during vasoconstriction, caused by bilat eral and unilateral hypoxia, elicited contractile responses of isolated helical strip preparations of the canine pulmonary artery (Benumofet at., 1978). In addition, hypoxic vasoconstric tion of porcine pulmonary artery rings requires the presence of the endothelium and may involve the release of an endothe lium-dependent contractile factor The purpose of this study was to investigate in pulmonary this drug is currently used in the clinic for treating primary pulmonary hypertension Methods Animals. A total of 51 mature(12 weeksof age)Sprague-Dawley rats from the Charles River Breeding Laboratories (Wilmington, MA) were housed in a controlled environment with food and water ad libitum. The females and males weighed 234.2 ±6.42 and 260.83 Â