621 research outputs found
Equivalence theory for density estimation, Poisson processes and Gaussian white noise with drift
This paper establishes the global asymptotic equivalence between a Poisson
process with variable intensity and white noise with drift under sharp
smoothness conditions on the unknown function. This equivalence is also
extended to density estimation models by Poissonization. The asymptotic
equivalences are established by constructing explicit equivalence mappings. The
impact of such asymptotic equivalence results is that an investigation in one
of these nonparametric models automatically yields asymptotically analogous
results in the other models.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000012 in the
Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
TRAF5 Is a Downstream Target of MAVS in Antiviral Innate Immune Signaling
The recognition of nucleic acids by the innate immune system during viral infection results in the production of type I interferons and the activation of antiviral immune responses. The RNA helicases RIG-I and MDA-5 recognize distinct types of cytosolic RNA species and signal through the mitochondrial protein MAVS to stimulate the phosphorylation and activation of the transcription factors IRF3 and IRF7, thereby inducing type I interferon expression. Alternatively, the activation of NF-κB leads to proinflammatory cytokine production. The function of MAVS is dependent on both its C-terminal transmembrane (TM) domain and N-terminal caspase recruitment domain (CARD). The TM domain mediates MAVS dimerization in response to viral RNA, allowing the CARD to bind to and activate the downstream effector TRAF3. Notably, dimerization of the MAVS CARD alone is sufficient to activate IRF3, IRF7, and NF-κB. However, TRAF3-deficient cells display only a partial reduction in interferon production in response to RNA virus infection and are not defective in NF-κB activation. Here we find that the related ubiquitin ligase TRAF5 is a downstream target of MAVS that mediates both IRF3 and NF-κB activation. The TM domain of MAVS allows it to dimerize and thereby associate with TRAF5 and induce its ubiquitination in a CARD-dependent manner. Also, NEMO is recruited to the dimerized MAVS CARD domain in a TRAF3 and TRAF5-dependent manner. Thus, our findings reveal a possible function for TRAF5 in mediating the activation of IRF3 and NF-κB downstream of MAVS through the recruitment of NEMO. TRAF5 may be a key molecule in the innate response against viral infection
Asymptotic Nonequivalence of Nonparametric Experiments When the Smoothness Index is ½
An example is provided to show that the natural asymptotic equivalence does not hold between any pairs of three nonparametric experiments: density problem, white noise with drift and nonparametric regression, when the smoothness index of the unknown nonparametric function class is
Statistically Guided Synthesis of MoV- Based Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Ethane Partial Oxidation
The catalytic performance of Mo8V2Nb1-based mixed-oxide catalysts for ethane partial oxidation is highly sensitive to the doping of elements with redox and acid functionality. Specifically, control over product distributions to ethylene and acetic acid can be afforded via the specific pairing of redox elements (Pd, Ni, Ti) and acid elements (K, Cs, Te) and the levels at which these elements are doped. The redox element, acid element, redox/acid ratio, and dopant/host ratio were investigated using a three-level, four-factor factorial screening design to establish relationships between catalyst composition, structure, and product distribution for ethane partial oxidation. Results show that the balance between redox and acid functionality and overall dopant level is important for maximizing the formation of each product while maintaining the structural integrity of the host metal oxide. Overall, ethylene yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ni0.0025Te0.5 composition, while acetic acid yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ti0.005Te1 catalyst
Statistically Guided Synthesis of MoV-Based Mixed-Oxide Catalysts for Ethane Partial Oxidation
The catalytic performance of Mo8V2Nb1-based mixed-oxide catalysts for ethane partial oxidation is highly sensitive to the doping of elements with redox and acid functionality. Specifically, control over product distributions to ethylene and acetic acid can be afforded via the specific pairing of redox elements (Pd, Ni, Ti) and acid elements (K, Cs, Te) and the levels at which these elements are doped. The redox element, acid element, redox/acid ratio, and dopant/host ratio were investigated using a three-level, four-factor factorial screening design to establish relationships between catalyst composition, structure, and product distribution for ethane partial oxidation. Results show that the balance between redox and acid functionality and overall dopant level is important for maximizing the formation of each product while maintaining the structural integrity of the host metal oxide. Overall, ethylene yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ni0.0025Te0.5 composition, while acetic acid yield was maximized for a Mo8V2Nb1Ti0.005Te1 catalyst
Self-Healing Catalysts: CO\u3csub\u3e3\u3c/sub\u3eO\u3csub\u3e4\u3c/sub\u3e Nanorods for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis
We combine kinetic and spectroscopic data to demonstrate the concept of a self-healing catalyst, which effectively eliminates the need for catalyst regeneration. The observed self-healing is triggered by controlling the crystallographic orientation at the catalyst surface
VIKOR method for multiple criteria group decision making under 2-tuple linguistic neutrosophic environment
In this article, the VIKOR method is proposed to solve the multiple
criteria group decision making (MCGDM) with 2-tuple linguistic
neutrosophic numbers (2TLNNs). Firstly, the fundamental concepts,
operation formulas and distance calculating method of
2TLNNs are introduced. Then some aggregation operators of
2TLNNs are reviewed. Thereafter, the original VIKOR method is
extended to 2TLNNs and the calculating steps of VIKOR method
with 2TLNNs are proposed. In the proposed method, it’s more
reasonable and scientific for considering the conflicting criteria.
Furthermore, the VIKOR are extended to interval-valued 2-tuple
linguistic neutrosophic numbers (IV2TLNNs). Moreover, a numerical
example for green supplier selection has been given to illustrate
the new method and some comparisons are also conducted
to further illustrate advantages of the new method
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