3,311 research outputs found
A Field Survey of Respiration Rates in Leaves of Arctic Plants
In a survey of several plant species found at Churchill, Manitoba, in the transition zone between the low and subarctic regions, we measured leaf respiration in terms of total respiration and alternative pathway respiration rates. Leaves of arctic plants exhibit higher rates of total respiration and alternative (cyanide insensitive) respiration than temperate species. There is a negative correlation between plant height and alternative pathway activity. Shorter plants have higher rates of alternative pathway respiration. More alternative pathway activity may mean that there is less energy in the form of ATP available for growth. A shorter growth habit keeps these plants in the still air close to the ground. This prevents cooling, water loss and physical damage due to wind abrasion. Thus plants with high rates of alternative pathway respiration may be better adapted to the arctic environment. The alternative pathway respiration of Orchis rotundifolia was shown to be under the influence of the biological clock.Key words: Subarctic, plant respiration, alternative pathway, cyanide insensitivMots clés: subarctique, respiration des plantes, voie alterne, insensible au cyanur
Evaluating techniques for sampling stream crayfish (paranephrops planifrons)
We evaluated several capture and analysis techniques for estimating abundance and size structure of freshwater crayfish (Paranephrops planifrons) (koura) from a forested North Island, New Zealand stream to provide a methodological basis for future population studies. Direct observation at night and collecting with baited traps were not considered useful. A quadrat sampler was highly biased toward collecting small individuals. Handnetting at night and estimating abundances using the depletion method were not as efficient as handnetting on different dates and analysing by a mark-recapture technique. Electrofishing was effective in collecting koura from different habitats and resulted in the highest abundance estimates, and mark-recapture estimates appeared to be more precise than depletion estimates, especially if multiple recaptures were made. Handnetting captured more large crayfish relative to electrofishing or the quadrat sampler
Agricultural resource priorities and recommendations for the Avon River Basin Natural Resource Management Strategy
This report for the Avon Natural Resource Management Strategy provides an assessment of the current status of land resources throughout the Avon River Basin in Western Australia. It identifies the sub-regions and landscape components of the area and the land resource assets. The greatest threats are salinity, soil acidification, subsurface compaction, waterlogging, water and wind erosion, and biosecurity
Laboratory and Field Studies of Resistance of Crab Apple Clones to Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Oviposition and larval survival of Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh) varied significantly among fruit from 25 crab apple speciesand clones evaluated in field and laboratory studies. In general, the relative oviposition preference and larval survival was similar in fruit infested naturally in the field and fruit tested in the laboratory. Flies oviposited more in clones with larger fruit, although this relationship was more pronounced in laboratory tests when fruit was infested by laboratory-reared flies than in fruit infested in the field by wild flies. âAldenhamensis,' âFuji,' âVilmorin,' Malus zumi calocarpa Rehd., and M. hupehensis (Pamp) Rehd. fruit was not infested in the field, but flies oviposited in fruit of all 25 species and clones in choice tests in the laboratory. Eggs hatched but larvae did not survive in fruit of âHenry F. DuPont,' âFrettingham,' âFuji,' âSparkler,' M. hupehensis, and M. zumi calocarpa. Larval mortality was very high in fruit from âVilmorin,' âSparkler,' âNA 40298,' âHenrietta Crosby,' âGolden Gem,' âAlmey,' M. baccata L. (Borkh.), and M. sikktmensis (Hook.) Koehn
Molecular mode-coupling theory applied to a liquid of diatomic molecules
We study the molecular mode coupling theory for a liquid of diatomic
molecules. The equations for the critical tensorial nonergodicity parameters
and the critical amplitudes of the - relaxation
are solved up to a cut off = 2 without any
further approximations.
Here are indices of spherical harmonics. Contrary to previous studies,
where additional approximations were applied, we find in agreement with
simulations, that all molecular degrees of freedom vitrify at a single
temperature . The theoretical results for the non ergodicity parameters
and the critical amplitudes are compared with those from simulations. The
qualitative agreement is good for all molecular degrees of freedom. To study
the influence of the cut off on the non ergodicity parameter, we also calculate
the non ergodicity parameters for an upper cut off . In addition we
also propose a new method for the calculation of the critical nonergodicity
parameterComment: 27 pages, 17 figure
Test of mode coupling theory for a supercooled liquid of diatomic molecules. II. q-dependent orientational correlators
Using molecular dynamics computer simulations we study the dynamics of a
molecular liquid by means of a general class of time-dependent correlators
S_{ll'}^m(q,t) which explicitly involve translational (TDOF) and orientational
degrees of freedom (ODOF). The system is composed of rigid, linear molecules
with Lennard- Jones interactions. The q-dependence of the static correlators
S_{ll'}^m(q) strongly depend on l, l' and m. The time dependent correlators are
calculated for l=l'. A thorough test of the predictions of mode coupling theory
(MCT) is performed for S_{ll}^m(q,t) and its self part S_{ll}^{(s)m}(q,t), for
l=1,..,6. We find a clear signature for the existence of a single temperature
T_c, at which the dynamics changes significantly. The first scaling law of MCT,
which involves the critical correlator G(t), holds for l>=2, but no critical
law is observed. Since this is true for the same exponent parameter lambda as
obtained for the TDOF, we obtain a consistent description of both, the TDOF and
ODOF, with the exception of l=1. This different behavior for l \ne 1 and l=1
can also be seen from the corresponding susceptibilities
(chi'')_{ll}^m(q,omega) which exhibit a minimum at about the same frequency
omega_{min} for all q and all l \ne 1, in contrast to (chi'')_{11}^m(q,omega)
for which omega'_{min} approx 10 omega_{min} . The asymptotic regime, for which
the first scaling law holds, shrinks with increasing l. The second scaling law
of MCT (time-temperature superposition principle) is reasonably fulfilled for l
\ne 1 but not for l=1. Furthermore we show that the q- and (l,m)-dependence of
the self part approximately factorizes, i.e. S_{ll}^{(s)m}(q,t) \cong
C_l^{(s)}(t) F_s(q,t) for all m.Comment: 11 pages of RevTex, 16 figure
Robust Ising Gates for Practical Quantum Computation
I describe the use of techniques based on composite rotations to combat
systematic errors in controlled phase gates, which form the basis of two qubit
quantum logic gates. Although developed and described within the context of
Nuclear Magnetic Resonanace (NMR) quantum computing these sequences should be
applicable to any implementation of quantum computation based on Ising
couplings. In combination with existing single qubit gates this provides a
universal set of robust quantum logic gates.Comment: 3 Pages RevTex4 including 2 figures. Will submit to PR
Nature of Resonant Photoemission in Gd
The phenomenon of resonant photoemission happens when, in addition to a direct photoemission channel, a second indirect channel opens up as the absorption threshold of a core level is crossed. A massive increase in emission cross section can occur, but the nature of the process remains clouded. Using novel magnetic linear dichroism in photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and theoretical calculations, we can now clearly demonstrate that temporal matching of the processes as well as energy matching is a requirement for true resonant photoemission.
Investigation of Resonant Photoemission in Gd with X-Ray Linear Dichroism
The constructive summing of direct and indirect channels above the absorption threshold of a core level can cause a massive increase in the emission cross section, leading to a phenomenon called resonant photoemission. Using novel magnetic linear dichroism in angular distribution photoelectron spectroscopy experiments and theoretical simulations, we have probed the nature of the resonant photoemission process in Gd metal. It now appears that temporal matching as well as energy matching is a requirement for true resonant photoemission
Basal-plane Incommensurate Phases in HCP Structures
An Ising model with competing interaction is used to study the appearance of
incommensurate phases in the basal plane of an hexagonal closed-packed
structure. The calculated mean-field phase diagram reveals various
1q-incommensurate and lock-in phases. The results are applied to explain the
basal-plane incommensurate phase in some compounds of the A'A"BX_4 family, like
K_2MoO_4, K_2WO_4, Rb_2WO4 and to describe the sequence of high-temperature
phase transitions in other compounds of this family.Comment: 8 pages, RevTeX + 4 ps figure
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