Review of Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion

Two major points in supercritical hydrothermal combustion were reviewed:(1) The structure of semi-batch reactors or continuous reactors used in different institutes and colleges. These investigations can be used to guide the design of reactors for later scholars and lay the foundation for the industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. (2) The research status of characterization of hydrothermal flame processes by various scholars. These investigations can be used to guide the process parameters of industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. The continuous reactor designed in each organization is very sophisticated, which can avoid the two major problems of reaction in the supercritical state: salt precipitation and corrosion. The ignition temperature, extinction temperature, and other characteristics of supercritical hydrothermal combustion studied by scholars are summarized and the laws are basically similar. The removal rate of different organic matters was also summarized under supercritical hydrothermal combustion, and the removal rate of more than 99% was basically achieved

Effects of temperature on oxidation behaviours of 35CrMo in high temperature flue gas environment

The pipelines made by alloy 35CrMo are widely used in the process of flue gas injection. Therefore, corrosion behaviours of alloy 35CrMo have been investigated at varied temperatures, namely 120 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C, with same experimental pressure of 9 MPa and flus gas environment. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphologies and microstructures of the oxide films. The results indicated that moderate temperature stands an essential role in the reaction mechanism and aggressive effects. In addition to increase in the diffusion rate of both alloy ions and corrosive gas, temperature can also reform the morphology of oxides by resulting in larger oxide particles and thicker oxide films, plus the transmission from needle-like oxides to spherical oxides

An acquired phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate transport initiates T-cell deterioration and leukemogenesis

Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).Lipid remodeling is crucial for malignant cell transformation and tumorigenesis, but the precise molecular processes involved and direct evidences for these in vivo remain elusive. Here, we report that oxysterol-binding protein (OSBP)-related protein 4 L (ORP4L) is expressed in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) cells but not normal T-cells. In ORP4L knock-in T-cells, ORP4L dimerizes with OSBP to control the shuttling of OSBP between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane (PM) as an exchanger of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P]/cholesterol. The PI(4)P arriving at the PM via this transport machinery replenishes phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P-2] and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5) trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P-3] biosynthesis, thus contributing to PI3K/AKT hyperactivation and T-cell deterioration in vitro and in vivo. Disruption of ORP4L and OSBP dimerization disables PI(4)P transport and T-cell leukemogenesis. In summary, we identify a non-vesicular lipid transport machinery between Golgi and PM maintaining the oncogenic signaling competence initiating T-cell deterioration and leukemogenesis. The oxysterol-binding protein-related protein 4 (ORP4L) is expressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and is required for leukemogenesis. Here the authors show that ORP4L orchestrates the transport of the phospholipid PI(4)P from Golgi to the plasma membrane, contributing to PI3K/AKT hyperactivation and T-cell leukemogenesis.Peer reviewe

The double inhibition of PDK1 and STAT3-Y705 prevents liver metastasis in colorectal cancer.

As a key glycolysis enzyme, the significance of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unknown. This study revealed that the prognosis of CRC patients with high levels of PDK1 was poor, and PDK1 knockdown significantly reduced liver metastasis of CRC in both nude mice and immune competent BALB/C mice. When combined with cryptotanshinone (CPT), an inhibitor of STAT3-p-Y705, the liver metastasis was further inhibited. PDK1 knockdown obviously increased reactive oxygen species level in anoikis conditions and subsequently resulted in an elevated anoikis, but the combination of PDK1 knockdown and CPT showed a reduced effect on anoikis. Based on this discrepancy, the adherence ability of CRC cells to matrix protein fibronectin was further detected. It showed that PDK1 knockdown significantly decreased the adherence of CRC cells to fibronectin when combined with CPT. These results suggest that inhibition of PDK1 can decrease the surviving CRC cells in blood circulation via up-regulation of anoikis, and inhibition of STAT3-p-Y705 can prevent it to settle down on the liver premetastatic niche, which ultimately reduces liver metastasis

Long Non-Coding RNA XLOC_006753 Promotes the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Gastric Cancer Cells Through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway

Background/Aims: The development of multidrug resistance (MDR), which results in disease recurrence and metastasis, is a crucial obstacle to successful chemotherapy for patients with gastric cancer (GC). Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to play various roles in cancer. This study aimed to investigate the effect of XLOC_006753 on the development of MDR in GC cells. Methods: The expression levels of XLOC_006753 in GC patients and MDR GC cell lines (SGC-7901/5-FU and SGC-7901/DDP cell line) were assessed by qRT-PCR. Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between XLOC_006753 expression and clinical features and to assess the prognostic value of XLOC_006753 for overall survival and progression-free survival. Then, a CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability and chemosensitivity. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and cell apoptosis. A wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used to detect cell migration. The expression of markers for MDR, G1/S transition, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and PI3K/ AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were examined by western blot. Results: XLOC_006753 was highly expressed in GC patients and MDR GC cell lines (SGC-7901/5-FU and SGC-7901/DDP cell lines), and its high expression was positively associated with metastasis, TNM stage, tumor size, and poor survival in GC patients. Moreover, XLOC_006753 was an independent prognostic biomarker of overall survival and progression-free survival for gastric cancer patients. Knocking down XLOC_006753 in the two MDR GC cell lines significantly inhibited cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle G1/S transition, and migration. XLOC_006753 knockdown also promoted apoptosis. Furthermore, western blots showed that XLOC_006753 knockdown decreased some markers of MDR, G1/S transition, and EMT expression, while increasing caspase9 expression and inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in SGC-7901/5-FU and SGC-7901/DDP cells. Conclusion: High expression of XLOC_006753 promoted the development of MDR, which was activated by the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in GC cells

High expression of heat shock protein 90 is associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer.

The heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is overexpressed and highly associated with poor prognosis in many malignancies. However, the role of HSP90 in gastric cancer has not been thoroughly elucidated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship of HSP90 expression with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in advanced gastric cancer, and estimate the alteration of HSP90 expression after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. HSP90 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) antigen expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 322 advanced gastric carcinoma samples. The relationships between HSP90 and clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were analyzed. The response of HSP90 level was assessed in chemotherapeutic effect in 54 patients received 1-2 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The positive expression of HSP90 was found to be 69.6% in 322 advanced gastric carcinoma samples. HSP90 protein expression was significantly associated with depth invasion (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) and stage of disease (P<0.001). The positive rates of HSP90 expression were higher in both prominent serosal invasion group (P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis group (P<0.001). Moreover, HSP90 was significantly correlated with MMP-9 among 322 gastric cancer tissues (P<0.001). In univariate and multivariate analyses, HSP90 was an independent prognostic factor for both recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). These results suggested that HSP90 may play an important role on tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis, and might act as a promising target for prognostic prediction

A positive C-isotope excursion induced by sea-level fall in the middle Capitanian of South China

A new carbon isotope excursion was recovered from the Capitanian marine carbonates at the Rencunping (RCP) section of South China. Significantly, a pronounced excursion with elevated δ13Ccarb values over +5‰ was coeval with the conodont Jinogondolella prexuanhanensis Zone and resembles the Kamura event recorded in Tethys. The excursions in δ13Ccarb, constrained by conodont biostratigraphy, however, present inconsistent carbon cycle behaviors, especially between the separated basins in South China, and evidently reflect regional litho-facies controls. In addition, a transitional environment in association with a fall in sea level, was recovered from deposits of anoxic cherty carbonates subsequent to shallow-water carbonates around the positive excursion in δ13Ccarb. Accordingly, instead of this being a signal of global-scale climatic cooling, we suggest that the positive excursion in δ13Ccarb can be attributed to eutrophication effects regionally along a continental shelf. In this scenario, the increasing dissolved O2 level in the mixing zone that induced by the initial sea-level fall will efficiently impede denitrification and increase the bio-available N in N:P ratio to satisfy the demands of primary producers in surface waters. Subsequently, deposits of shallow-water carbonates comprising calcareous algae and massively-bedded lime muds accumulated widely around South China. These deposits appear to represent an unusual environment and ecosystem fertilized, perhaps, by the weathering products from the earliest stages of volcanism prior to the main Emeishan flood basalt eruptions at the Guadalupian-Lopingian boundary (GLB).NASA Astrobiology Institute (Award NNA13AA90A

Effects of temperature on oxidation behaviours of 35CrMo in high temperature flue gas environment

The pipelines made by alloy 35CrMo are widely used in the process of flue gas injection. Therefore, corrosion behaviours of alloy 35CrMo have been investigated at varied temperatures, namely 120 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C, with same experimental pressure of 9 MPa and flus gas environment. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine the morphologies and microstructures of the oxide films. The results indicated that moderate temperature stands an essential role in the reaction mechanism and aggressive effects. In addition to increase in the diffusion rate of both alloy ions and corrosive gas, temperature can also reform the morphology of oxides by resulting in larger oxide particles and thicker oxide films, plus the transmission from needle-like oxides to spherical oxides

Review of Supercritical Hydrothermal Combustion

Two major points in supercritical hydrothermal combustion were reviewed:(1) The structure of semi-batch reactors or continuous reactors used in different institutes and colleges. These investigations can be used to guide the design of reactors for later scholars and lay the foundation for the industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. (2) The research status of characterization of hydrothermal flame processes by various scholars. These investigations can be used to guide the process parameters of industrialization of supercritical hydrothermal combustion. The continuous reactor designed in each organization is very sophisticated, which can avoid the two major problems of reaction in the supercritical state: salt precipitation and corrosion. The ignition temperature, extinction temperature, and other characteristics of supercritical hydrothermal combustion studied by scholars are summarized and the laws are basically similar. The removal rate of different organic matters was also summarized under supercritical hydrothermal combustion, and the removal rate of more than 99% was basically achieved