Changes of data sampling procedure to avoid energy and data losses during microclimates monitoring with wireless sensor networks.

Wireless sensor networks are gaining importance in agricultural applications, such as monitoring crops microclimates. Precision agriculture is one of the areas that can most benefit from this technology in the sense that wireless sensors networks allow data collection with high resolution, enabling better decision making. Such networks have restrictions on their deployment in a real environment, for example, on energy. Thus, several studies have been conducted in order to optimize the use of this technology. Depending on the application, it is desirable that the available energy on sensor nodes batteries allows operation for months or even years. One proposed solution to extend the lifetime of sensor nodes, so as to avoid unnecessary data collection, is the implementation of a routing protocol that allows a differentiated data sampling. An application that can benefit from this approach is vineyard microclimates monitoring, which is very important to monitor temperature and reIative humidity, and can apply precision agriculture techniques to the crop. Thus, in the program to be installed into sensor nodes, rules for data collection are defined, so that the value collected by the sensor at a given time is in the rule that defines normal conditions, the rate of sampling data used will be higher; however, when the value collected by the sensor is out ofthis rule, the sampling rate will automatically be reprogrammed to a higher value. This differentiated data collection allows savings in power consumption under normal conditions, and generates less data to be analyzed. Keywords: Wireless sensor network, microclimates monitoring, vineyards differentiated data samplin

Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) e o Turismo

This study emphasizes the Global Positioning System (GPS) and its applications in tourism. It presents general considerations about the system and point out ten cases of its applications in tourism as the following: CreteIsle; Brazilian Beaches; North and South Poles; Brazilian Coastland; Mountains; The Andes; The Americas; Brazilian Roads; American Mountains; Disneyworld; General Transports. The study also considers that in a short term the GPS will be very popular becoming an obligatory acessory for any traveller around the world.Enfoca o Sistema de Posicionamento Global (GPS) e suas aplicações em Turismo. Apresenta considerações gerais sobre o sistema e destaca dez casos de sua aplicação em atividades ligadas ao turismo: na ilha de Creta, nas praias do Brasil, no Atlântico e nos dois Pólos, na Costa Brasileira, em pontos culminantes dos continentes, nos Andes, nas estradas do Brasil, nas Américas, na Disney e nos transportes em geral. Considera que o GPS será bastante popular, tornando-se um acessório obrigatório para qualquer viajante

Implementation of a Control Loop Experiment in a Network-Based Control System With LonWorks Technology and IP Networks

Considering the increasing popularity of network-based control systems and the huge adoption of IP networks (such as the Internet), this paper studies the influence of network quality of service (QoS) parameters over quality of control parameters. An example of a control loop is implemented using two LonWorks networks (CEA-709.1) interconnected by an emulated IP network, in which important QoS parameters such as delay and delay jitter can be completely controlled. Mathematical definitions are provided according to the literature, and the results of the network-based control loop experiment are presented and discussed

Circolazione extarcorporea nel trattamento degli anurismi dell’aorta toracica e toracoaddominale

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