Canavalia ensiformis (L): in the chemical properties of a Eutric Differentiated Soils

Evaluar el efecto de diferentes manejos de Canavalia ensiformis como cultivo de cobertura (CC) en propiedades químicas de un suelo Fluvisol Diferenciado fue el objetivo del trabajo. Se desarrolló en un área productiva cooperativa, en el municipio Santiago de Cuba, en condiciones de secano. Los tratamientos se establecieron atendiendo a un testigo que representó la cobertura espontánea del suelo (barbecho) y dos tratamientos con cobertura de Canavalia durante 80 días: uno sin incorporar al suelo, otro incorporado y el último como cobertura permanente en el suelo durante 120 días. Se evaluó la biomasa fresca y seca, el carbono de la biomasa (CBIOMASA), el CBIOMASA integrado al COS, la relación de Biomasa - C - CO2, y se estimó el carbono secuestrado y su captura posterior en el CO y COT y contenido de nutrientes. Los resultados fueron positivos en la mejora del suelo con respecto a su condición inicial, cuando la cobertura de Canavalia es incorporada al suelo o es mantenida permanente; el carbono estimado mostro incrementos en el contenido de C orgánico y de los nutrientes como N, P, Ca y Mg en el suelo.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes manejos de Canavalia ensiformis como cobertura vegetal (CC) nas propriedades químicas de um solo Fluvisol diferenciado. Foi desenvolvido em uma área produtiva cooperativa, no município de Santiago de Cuba, em condições de seca. Os tratamentos foram estabelecidos atendendo a uma testemunha que representava a cobertura espontânea do solo (pousio) e dois tratamentos com cobertura de Canavalia por 80 dias: um sem incorporação do solo, outro incorporado e o último como cobertura permanente do solo por 120 dias. A biomassa fresca e seca, o carbono da biomassa (CBIOMASA), o CBIOMASA integrado ao SOC, a relação Biomassa - C - CO2, e o carbono sequestrado e sua posterior captura em CO e TOC e teor de nutrientes. Os resultados foram positivos na melhoria do solo em relação ao seu estado inicial, quando a cobertura de Canavalia é incorporada ao solo ou mantida de forma permanente; o carbono estimado mostrou acréscimos no conteúdo de C orgânico e de nutrientes como N, P, Ca e Mg no solo.The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of different Canavalia ensiformis management as a cover crop (CC) on the chemical properties of a differentiated Fluvisol soil. It was developed in a cooperative productive area, in the Santiago de Cuba municipality, under dry conditions. The treatments were established by attending a control that represented the spontaneous cover of the soil (fallow) and two treatments with Canavalia cover for 80 days: one without incorporating the soil, another incorporated and the last as permanent cover on the soil for 120 days. The fresh and dry biomass, the carbon of the biomass (CBiomass), the CBiomass integrated to the SOC, the ratio of Biomass - C - CO2 were evaluated, and the sequestered carbon and its subsequent capture in CO and TOC and content of nutrients. The results were positive in the improvement of the soil with respect to its initial condition, when the Canavalia cover is incorporated into the soil or is maintained permanently; the estimated carbon showed increases in the content of organic C and nutrients such as N, P, Ca and Mg in the soil

Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector Conceptual Design Report

International audienceThe Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is an international, world-class experiment aimed at exploring fundamental questions about the universe that are at the forefront of astrophysics and particle physics research. DUNE will study questions pertaining to the preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of supernovae, the subtleties of neutrino interaction physics, and a number of beyond the Standard Model topics accessible in a powerful neutrino beam. A critical component of the DUNE physics program involves the study of changes in a powerful beam of neutrinos, i.e., neutrino oscillations, as the neutrinos propagate a long distance. The experiment consists of a near detector, sited close to the source of the beam, and a far detector, sited along the beam at a large distance. This document, the DUNE Near Detector Conceptual Design Report (CDR), describes the design of the DUNE near detector and the science program that drives the design and technology choices. The goals and requirements underlying the design, along with projected performance are given. It serves as a starting point for a more detailed design that will be described in future documents